NFSC 100 Exam 1 UMD Questions & Answers. Rated A+

NFSC 100 Exam 1 UMD Questions & Answers. Rated A+ What are the study designs that we discussed? - ✔✔-Case, Epidemiological, Laboratory, Intervention, Gold standard study? - ✔✔-Intervention Study; proves cause and eff ...

NFSC 100 Exam 1 UMD Questions & Answers. Rated A+ What are the study designs that we discussed? - ✔✔-Case, Epidemiological, Laboratory, Intervention, Gold standard study? - ✔✔-Intervention Study; proves cause and effect In general, what are the steps in a scientific process/method? - ✔✔-Observation, hypothesis, test hypothesis, evaluate/study results, compare to original hypothesis What information must be included on the label of all packaged foods? - ✔✔-serving size, serving per container, total cal, percent daily value, daily value for 2,000 cal What needs to be included in percent daily value? - ✔✔-fats, cholesterol, carbs, sodium, Vitamin D, potassium, calcium, iron What is the meaning of the Percent Daily Value listed on the Nutrition FactsPanel? - ✔✔-Indicates how much of a specific nutrient one serving of food contains compared to a daily nutrient recommendations based on 2,000 calorie diet Poor source of DV? - ✔✔-Below 5% Good source of DV? - ✔✔-10-19% Excellent source of DV? - ✔✔-Above 20% What are the three types of health claims allowed on food packages? - ✔✔-Nutrient, Health and Structure/function Nutrient content claims - ✔✔-Level of nutrients: Free, low, reduced Health claims - ✔✔-Approved by FDA based on scientific evidence Structure/function claims - ✔✔-Need additional scientific evidence and FDA approval Fat free - ✔✔-less than .5g of fat low fat - ✔✔-up to 3g of fat reduced fat - ✔✔-at least 25% less fat per serving than reference food sodium free - ✔✔-less than or equal to 5 mg sodium low sodium - ✔✔-less than or equal to 140 mg low calorie - ✔✔-less than or equal to 40 calories calorie free - ✔✔-less than 5 calories How is hunger regulated by the brain? - ✔✔-The Hypothalamus regulates hunger by communicating between the brain and the body. It regulates the release and uptake of chemicals, more specifically located in the satiety center in the hypothalamus. what hormones are involved in regulation of hunger? - ✔✔-Ghrelin (signals hunger) Leptin (fat tissue/suppresses desire to eat) Neuropeptide Y (sends signal when body needs nourishment) What factors affect an individual's food choice? - ✔✔-income, demand, population size, natural environment, technology food desert - ✔✔-area with limited access to affordable nutritious food(Low income neighborhoods) food insecurity - ✔✔-Inability of an individual or household to afford and access a healthy diet. Psycho-social responses - ✔✔-food as a reward, coping device, appetite from smell/sight, addiction (coffee) Ecological Perspectives - ✔✔-social/cultural norms, government/media influence, environmental settings, personal influence over knowledge of food What are the six classes of nutrients? - ✔✔-Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Water Vitamins Minerals Macronutrients - ✔✔-protein, carbs. fats (lipids) Micronutrients - ✔✔-do no provide energy or calories vitamins and minerals Cal/per gram for carbs - ✔✔-4kcal/gram cal/per gram for fats - ✔✔-9kcal/gram cal/per gram for protein - ✔✔-4kcal/gram calorie: - ✔✔-amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilo of water by 1 degree C. Measured with the bomb calorimeter If your calorie needs at 2200 kcal/day, how many grams of fat should you consume? - ✔✔-.35 of 2200 = 770 calories. 770/9 = 85.56 grams of fat What are phytochemicals? - ✔✔-Phytochemicals are literally plant (phyto) chemicals: compounds in plants (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes) that contribute to their color, taste, and smell. -found in skin/peel of plants What are diet related risk factors for major chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, etc? - ✔✔- high alcohol consumption, high cholesterol, too much sugar. An unhealthy diet paired with a sedentary lifestyle leads to serious health risks. nutrient density - ✔✔-the ratio of nutrients to calorie content of food. Nutrient dense foods have high nutrient count with low calories. Americans need to eat more of - ✔✔-Vegetables, Fruits, Dairy, and Oils Americans need to eat less of - ✔✔-Added sugars, Saturated fats, and Sodium Total fat - ✔✔-20-35% of kcal Total Carbs - ✔✔-45-60% of kcal Total Protein - ✔✔-10-35% of kcal How much cholesterol is recommended each day? - ✔✔-Less than 300mg cholesterol per day How much saturated fat? - ✔✔-10% of total kcal from saturated fats key recommendations emphasized in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans - ✔✔-healthy eating pattern nutrient density limit cals from sugars, sat fats and sodium healthier foods/beverages healthy eating patterns What is MyPlate? - ✔✔-is an education tool used to help consumers make better food choices Highlights of MyPlate - ✔✔-half the plate is fruit and veggies half is whole grains switch to fat-free/low-fat milk Fruit consumption - ✔✔-1 ½ - 2 cups per day Vegetable consumption - ✔✔-2-3 cups per day Dairy Consumption - ✔✔-3 cups per day Protein Consumption - ✔✔-5 - 6 ½ ounces per day Serving vs portion - ✔✔-S: unit of measure P: amount of food actually served or consumed DRI - ✔✔-Dietary Reference Intake Tolerable Upper Intake UL - ✔✔-total intake from food, fortified food, and supplements should not exceed this amount, or adverse effects may result Adequate Intake AI - ✔✔-Recommended average daily intake based on observed, experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people. Estimated Average Requirement EAR - ✔✔-Average daily nutrient amount estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals. Recommended Daily Allowance RDA - ✔✔-Average daily nutrient intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97-98%) of healthy individuals calorie balance - ✔✔-when an individual eats foods that they enjoy, but they eat less and avoid oversized portions. What is the basic unit of life? - ✔✔-cell Mitochondria - ✔✔-produces ATP (Energy) to the cell Nucleus - ✔✔-control center that contains DNA Ribosome - ✔✔-produces proteins Golgi Complex - ✔✔-packaging center Endoplasmic Reticulum membranous channels - ✔✔-Smooth - cholesterol synthesis and fat metabolism Rough - protein production Plasma Membrane - ✔✔-regulates what enters and leaves the cell Lysosome - ✔✔-cleans up the cell Why is nutrition an important factor in cardiovascular system? - ✔✔-system transports nutrients and oxygen around the body and diet can benefit or hurt this system depending on composition. Why is nutrition an important factor in skeletal system? - ✔✔-requires nutrients to grow and maintain strength Why is nutrition an important factor in endocrine system? - ✔✔-needs food components to function properly the mouth - ✔✔-Mechanical chewing. Chemical saliva from 3 pairs