LMSW Exam Questions review. (Answered). 100% Accurate. Rated A+ Most frequently identified form of unet

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LMSW Exam Questions review. (Answered). 100% Accurate. Rated A+ Most frequently identified form of unethical behavior identified by social workers - ✔✔-A confidentiality breach Aim inhibitio... n - ✔✔-A defense mechanism characterized by accepting a goal-related outcome perceived as less than ideal due to the individual's belief that it is more realistic or attainable than the goal which they most desire. What are the four distinct levels of intellectual disability and which do most people fall under? - ✔✔- Mild, moderate , profound , severe; mild What is substitution? - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which someone replaces an unattainable goal with an attainable one. Developer of Person Centered Therapy - ✔✔-Carl Rogers In person centered therapy, the process is set by the ____ - ✔✔-Client Person centered therapy centers are around the idea that individuals are________ - ✔✔-Rational, good and responsible. In person centered therapy, congruente occurs when_____ - ✔✔-Who we would like to be and how we see ourselves are in concordance. Person centered therapy deals with the______ - ✔✔-Here and now Person centered therapists want to help the client move toward________ rather than______ - ✔✔-Selfactualization, solve the client's current problems Reliability - ✔✔-Extent to which repeated applications of an instrument will have the same results. (Remember the "r' in reliability and the "r' in repeatability) Cognitive Theory - ✔✔-Maladaptive behavior is associated with patterns of thinking and response that do not result in mentally healthy outcomes. Oral stage ages - ✔✔-Birth to 12-18 months Cluster B Personality Disorders - ✔✔-Dramatic, emotional, erratic. Histrionic, Narcissistic, Anti-social, Borderline Cluster A Personality Disorders - ✔✔-Odd or eccentric. Paranoid, Schizophrenia, Schizotypal Cluster C Personality Disorders - ✔✔-Anxious and Fearful. Obsessive -Compulsive, Avoidance, Dependant Operant Conditioning - ✔✔-Occurs when behavior is followed by a reinforcer or when reinforcement is withheld. E.g. cat being able to get out of the box by pressing the button to open the door. Skinner. Relates to voluntary behavior (different from classical conditioning)- Classical Conditioning - ✔✔-A person makes a connection between two unrelated things. Entails conditioning an individual to associate pleasant feelings with have a stimulus that has been anxiety producing (except.g. Learning to feel relaxed while flying, Pavlov's dogs). Unconditioned stimulussomething that naturally brings about a certain response (meat powder). Unconditioned response (salivation). Conditioned response (salivated at bell). Reaction Formation - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which a person adopts the opposite characteristics of those that are feared. Displacement - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which a person discharges their pent-up feelings on objects that are less dangerous than those that initially aroused the emotion. Best way to treat substance use disorders? - ✔✔-Group treatment Most frequently encountered defense mechanism for adults survivors of childhood sexually abuse? - ✔✔-Denial Analysis of variance (ANOVA) - ✔✔-statistical test that is used to determine the extent to which two or more groups differ significantly when one group is exposed to a dependent variable. Pearson's r correlation - ✔✔-a statistical test that measures the strength of relationships between two variables. T-test - ✔✔-a statistical test that assesses whether two groups are statistically different from each other. Motivational Interviewing OARS Skills: O - ✔✔-Open-ended questions Motivation Interviewing OARS Skills: A - ✔✔-Affirming Motivation Interviewing OARS Skills: R - ✔✔-Reflective Listening Motivation Interviewing OARS Skills: S - ✔✔-Summarizing Rationalization - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which a person justifies their failures with socially acceptable reasons instead of the real reasons. Conflict Theory: Main focus - ✔✔-How power structures and power disparities impact people's lives. Conflict Theory: Main Concepts (5) - ✔✔-1. All societies perpetuate forms of injustice/inequity. 2. Power is unequally divided; some groups dominate others. 3. Social order is based on control by dominate groups. 4. Social change is driven by conflict. 5. Life is characterized by conflict, not consensus. Stages of Change in Order - ✔✔-1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance 6. Relapse Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ✔✔-Physiological Needs, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, SelfActualization (developing full potential) Roberts' 7 Stage Crisis Intervention Model (ARIFCAP) - ✔✔-1. Assessment 2. Rapport 3. ID Problem 4. Feelings 5. Coping Skills and alternatives 6. Action Plan (restore functioning) 7. Follow-up plan Effects of trauma - ✔✔-Memory, concentration, new learning and focus impairment. Affects individual's ability to trust, cope and form healthy relationships. Disrupts emotion identification, ability to selfsoothe or control expression of emotions, ability to distinguish between what's safe and unsafe. Shapes one's belief about self and others, ability to hope, and outlook on life. 5 Trauma Informed Principles - ✔✔-Safety, Choice, Empowerment, Collaboration, Trustworthiness Behavior Therapy - ✔✔-Refers to psychotherapy, behavior analytical, or a combination of the two therapies. Looks at specific, learned behaviors and how the environment has an impact on those behaviors. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) - ✔✔-Designed to help people change patterns of behavior that are not helpful. Helps people increase cognitive and emotional regulation. A comprehensive cognitivebehavioral treatment that was originally developed to treat chronically suicidal individuals suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD). Uses mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance. include individual and group (weekly) components. In existential therapy, the focus is on exploring - ✔✔-questions of existence Gestalt Therapy relies heavily on - ✔✔-the interpersonal relationship between client and therapist that is developed and nurtured over the course of therapy. Empty chair work. Piaget's Stages of Development: Sensorimotor Stage - ✔✔-Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects. Basic motor and sensory explorations of the world. Develop object permanence. Piaget's Stages of Development: Preoperational Stage - ✔✔-Ages 2 to 7. Child begins to engage in symbolic play. Do not yet understand concrete logic. Language development. Egocentric. Don't yet understand concrete logic. Piaget's Stages of Development: Concrete Operational Stage - ✔✔-Ages 7 to 11. Development of logical thought about concrete and specific things, but still struggle with abstract thought. Disappearance of ego centrism. Piaget's Stages of Development: Formal Operational Stage - ✔✔-Adolescence to adulthood. Increase in logic, ability to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas. Able to see multiple potential solutions to problems and think more scientifically about the world around them. Sublimation - ✔✔-A defense mechanism used by clients who choose to divert their desires that are consciously intolerable and cannot be directly realized into creative activities that are acceptable. Self-efficacy - ✔✔-Belief in one's own capacity to effectively accomplish a given set of tasks or behaviors, which may vary in an individual depending on the particular area of objectives. Stress Inoculation Therapy - ✔✔-A form of therapeutic coping skills training techniques that combines approaches from CBT and stress management. Erikson's Stages of Development: Industry vs. Inferiority - ✔✔-6 to 11 years old. Typically experienced by a child entering school when he is expected to perform for adults for the first time. Erikson's Stages of Development: Intimacy vs. Isolation - ✔✔-Tends to occur later in adolescence, around the age of 18 until about 40 years old. An individual learns to make a commitment to another person. Erikson's Stages of Development: Identity vs. role confusion/identity defusion - ✔✔-Typically occurs between the ages of 12 and 18. The child tries out different identities and belief systems. Erikson's Stages of Development: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - ✔✔-Occurs between 18 months and 3 years old. Involves learning how to develop control over bodily functions. NASW Code of Ethics: Physical Contact - ✔✔-Social workers should not engage in physical contact with clients when there is a possibility of psychological harm to the client as a result of the contact (such as cradling or caressing clients). Social workers who engage in appropriate physical contact with clients are responsible for setting clear, appropriate, and culturally sensitive boundaries that govern such physical contact. NASW Code of Ethics: Access to Records - ✔✔-a) Social workers should provide clients access to records unless there are exceptional circumstances where serious misunderstanding or harm to the client is anticipated. b) When sharing client records, social workers should take steps to protect confidentiality of people in the record. Type 1 Error in Research - ✔✔-Rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true. Transmuting internalization - ✔✔-In self-psychology, as postulated by Heinz Kohut, a cohesive self is achieved by incorporating the perceptions and functions of healthy significant others and objects into an internalized self structure Empathic mirroring - ✔✔-The process by which the mother demonstrates ("reflects") care and understanding of the child, in turn helping the child to develop a self-identity. Rapprochement - ✔✔-A term from object relations theory, indicating the need for an infant to seek independence while still retaining security. Differentiation - ✔✔-A substage in object relations theory, where an infant begins to look at the outside world, as opposed to the inward focus common to infants younger than five months of age. Common Medications Used to Treat Schizophrenia - ✔✔-Clorazil (clozapine), Haldol (haloperidol), Loxitane (loxapine), Mellaril (thioridazine), Prolixin (fluphenazine), Risperdal (risperidone), Stelazine (trifluoperazine), Thorazine (chlorpromazine), and Zyprexa (olanzapine). Partialization - ✔✔-A technique to use when a client seems overwhelmed by the amount of their concerns. Involves breaking down the concerns at hand into smaller, more manageable parts. Single system designs are frequently used by practitioners to evaluate _________. - ✔✔-Their practice, because of their flexibility and capacity to measure change over time. Why was the new diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder created for the DSM 5? - ✔✔-Encompasses previous diagnoses of autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and PDDNOS because they have a range of similar symptoms. They are better differentiated by clinical specifiers (i.e., dimensions of severity) and associated features (i.e., known genetic disorders, epilepsy and intellectual disability). Schizotypal personality disorder - ✔✔-Characterized by cognitive disregulation, eccentricity, suspiciousness, and lack of empathy. Avoidant personality disorder - ✔✔-Characterized by low self-esteem, hypersensitivity to potential rejection, and socially withdrawn. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder - ✔✔-Characterized by impulses, obsessions and reactions to conflicts and other anxieties. Borderline personality disorder - ✔✔-Characterized by impulsive and unpredictable behavior, intense mood shifts, inconsistent self-concept, and manipulation of others. Elements of a case presentation - ✔✔-◾Demographics ◾Key findings ◾Background ◾Formulation ◾Interventions and Plan ◾Reasons for Presentation Attachment Theory (John Bowlby) - ✔✔-Attachment depends on the person's ability to develop basic trust in their caregivers and self. An infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for the child's successful social and emotional development, and in particular for learning how to effectively regulate their feelings. When to Consider Residential Treatment - ✔✔-◾Outpatient treatment hasn't helped. ◾Other support has been tried or is unavailable. ◾Hospitalization isn't indicated. ◾Diagnosis is unclear and requires close observation (e.g., ruling out secret substance abuse). ◾Safety issues that can't be managed with outpatient (e.g., substance, eating, self-injury) Autism Spectrum Disorder: 5 Criteria - ✔✔-1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts 2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities 3. must be present in the early developmental period 4. cause clinically significant impairment 5. not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or global developmental delay Alcohol Use Disorder; Changes in DSM 5 - ✔✔-Integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Mild, moderate and severe sub-classifications. Anyone meeting any two of the 11 criteria during the same 12- month period would receive a diagnosis of AUD. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) - ✔✔-Intended to address issues of over-diagnosis and over-treatment of bipolar disorder in children. This can be diagnosed in children up to age 18 years who exhibit persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol (e.g., they are out of control). Freud, Oral Stage - ✔✔-0-1 years. The baby gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido, and thus its id demands. Which at this stage in life are oral, or mouth orientated, such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding. Freud said oral stimulation could lead to an oral fixation in later life. Looking to satisfy the Id. Freud, Anal Stage - ✔✔-1 to 3 years old. Ego has developed. The child derives great pleasure from defecating. This type of conflict tends to come to a head in potty training, in which adults impose restrictions on when and where the child can defecate. The nature of this first conflict with authority can determine the child's future relationship with all forms of authority (anal retentive or expulsive) Freud, Phallic Stage - ✔✔-3 to 5 years old. Child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which sets in motion the conflict between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear which Freud called the Oedipus complex (in boys) and the Electra complex (in girls). This is resolved through the process of identification, which involves the child adopting the characteristics of the same sex parent. Freud, Latency Stage - ✔✔-5 to puberty. No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage (latent means hidden). The libido is dormant. Freud thought that most sexual impulses are repressed during the latent stage and sexual energy can be sublimated (re: defense mechanisms) towards school work, hobbies and friendships. Much of the child's energy is channeled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge and play becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender. Freud, Genital Stage - ✔✔-Puberty to adulthood. It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of which is settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with another person in our 20's. Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual pleasure, rather than self pleasure like during the phallic stage. Conscious - ✔✔-According to Freud, an individual's present perceptions and thoughts you are aware of in the moment. Unconscious - ✔✔-According to Freud, most dominant level of awareness. Includes things that are not easily accessible. We avoid dealing with the unconscious and then develop symptoms. Preconscious - ✔✔-According to Freud, memories we are not thinking about at the moment but can be easily brought into consciousness. Id - ✔✔-According to Freud, most primitive part of the personality. Present at birth. Ego - ✔✔-According to Freud, rational part of the personality. Develops from an awareness that you can't always get what you want. Mediates between Id and Superego. Superego - ✔✔-According to Freud, moral foundation of personality. Last part to develop. Emerges from ego at resolution of Oedipus or Electra complex. Anna Freud - ✔✔-Encouraged parents to be part of the psychotherapy process with their children. Did work on defense mechanisms. Compensation - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which one seeks success in one area of life in order to make up for perceived failure in another area of life. Conversion - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which overwhelming anxiety or stress is manifested in physical ailments. Identification - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which a person identifies with the source of their anxiety (such as an abuser). Isolation of Affect - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which there is a separation of feelings from ideas and events. Projection - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which a person's negative characteristics are denied and are instead seen as characteristics of someone else. Undoing - ✔✔-A defense mechanism in which a person participates in a repetitious ritual in an attempt to reverse a previous action. Erikson's Stages of Development: Trust vs. Mistrust - ✔✔-Birth to 1 year old. Infants develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care and affection. Erikson's Stages of Development: Initiative vs. Guilt - ✔✔-3 an 6 years old. Need to begin asserting power and control over their environment. Erikson's Stages of Development: Generativity vs. Stagnation - ✔✔-Age 40 to 65. Seek satisfaction through productivity. Desire to prepare next generation to take their place in the world. Erikson's Stages of Development: Integrity vs. Despair - ✔✔-Age 65 and older. Need to create or nurture things that will outlast them. Block grant - ✔✔-A federal government grant that provides a state or local government with a chunk of money to spend as they see fit. Categorical grant - ✔✔-Federal government grant that provides a state or local government with a chunk of money that is to be spent on specific items. Grants-in-aid - ✔✔-Specific allotments of money for specific projects. Interpersonal Psychotherapy stresses _____ - ✔✔-Identification and expression of emotion, dealing with unresolved grief Bowenian Family Systems Therapy: Interventions - ✔✔-Differentiation of Self (the most important concept) ◾Nuclear Family Emotional System ◾Triangles ◾Family Projection Process ◾Multigenerational Transmission Process ◾Emotional Cutoff ◾Sibling Position ◾Societal Emotional Process Core Conditions for Person-Centered Therapy - ✔✔-Therapist-Client Psychological Contact, Client incongruence, Therapist Congruence, or Genuineness, Therapist Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR), Therapist Empathic understanding, Client Perception Crisis Intervention - ✔✔-Emergency psychological care aimed at assisting individuals in a crisis situation to restore equilibrium to their biopsychosocial functioning and to minimize the potential for psychological trauma. Crisis can be defined as one's perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person's current resources and coping mechanisms. Solution Focused Therapy Key Interventions - ✔✔-miracle questions, exception questions, and coping questions. Values - ✔✔-What is right or wrong in practice. Define a belief system. Ethics - ✔✔-Deal with the principles of practice. Define a standard of conduct based on that belief system. Exam Tip: FAREAFI - ✔✔-FOR FIRST/NEXT TYPE QUESTIONS F: Feelings of the client be acknowledged first above all. Begin building rapport. A: Assess R: Refer E: Educate A: Advocate F: Facilitate I: Intervene Exam Tip: AASPIRINS - ✔✔-A: Acknowledge client/patient. Begin building rapport. A: Assess S: Start where the patient is at P: Protect life (of the individual and community...this one is about determining/preventing danger to self and others) I: Intoxicated do not treat. Refer R: Rule out medical issue I: Informed consent N: Non-judgmental stance S: Support patient self-determination Korsakoff's Syndrom - ✔✔-Memory loss caused by long-term alcoholism. Motivation for change stems from________ - ✔✔-Thoughts and feelings Rene Spitz - ✔✔-Research on child/mother relationships. Attachment disorder. Smiling response, stranger anxiety, and semantic communication. Piaget- Schema- Assimilation - ✔✔-During development, when a child forms a schema an then assimilates something else into that schema. Piaget- Schema-Accomodation - ✔✔-During development, when a child changes to a new schema because he can't assimilate something. Piaget- Adaptation - ✔✔-Assimilation and accommodation. How children learn. Needs congruency between assimilation and accommodation. Piaget- Equilibrium - ✔✔-When assimilation and accommodation are congruent. Piaget- Stage 1 of Development - ✔✔-Sensorimotor. Birth to 2. Piaget- Stage 2 of Development - ✔✔-Preoperational. 2 to 7. Start to use symbols and language. Piaget-Stage 3 of Development - ✔✔-Concrete Operations. 7 to 11 years old. Able to reason about concrete things in the environment. Understands conservation. Piaget-Stage 4 of Development - ✔✔-Formal Operations. 11 to adulthood. May not e attained. Abstract thinking, logical reasoning. Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development- 1 - ✔✔-Preconventional MOrality. Based on individual perspective. How can I avoid punishment? Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development-2 - ✔✔-Conventional Morality. Mmeber of society perspective. Wants to please others. Conformity to social norms. Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development-3 - ✔✔-Post-conventional morality. Autonomous. Universal moral principles. Laws are deemed valid only if they are grounded in justice. Bowlby- Attachment theory - ✔✔-Attachment with our primary caregivers as children forms the blueprint for future attachments with others. Bowlby- Separation Anxiety - ✔✔-First noticeable between 6 and 8 months of age. Baby shows distress when it is unable to see its mother. Bowlby- Stranger Anxiety - ✔✔-First noticeable at 8 months of age. Baby shows distress at seeing a stranger's face. Bowlby- Stages that child goes through when separated from parent - ✔✔-1. Protest 2. Despair and Depression. 3. Detachment (coping, can be prolematic if overused) Bowlby- Characteristics of Attachment - ✔✔-1. proximity maintenance 2. safehaven (child drawing closer to parent when there is a threat) 3. Secure base 4. Separation distress Assessing the Elderly - ✔✔-Depression is common with the elderly. Over 55% of the elderly suffer from depression but are commonly misdiagnosed as Alzheimer. Physical assessment is very important. At higher risk of suicide than the general population. Risk factors for suicide - ✔✔-1. Mental disorder 2. substance abuse 3. Apathy 4. low social involvement 5. inadequate social support 6. unemployment 7. The presence of stressful events 8. being male 9. Previous suicide attempt 10. Being gay or lesbian Definition of abuse - ✔✔-Pattern of use that causes someone to experience harmful consequences. Definition of dependence - ✔✔-More severe than abuse. Nurturing system - ✔✔-Individuals' family, close friends and immediate community. Sustaining system - ✔✔-Institutions of larger society. Culturalagram - ✔✔-Family assessment tool intended to individualize culturally diverse families. 1. Reasons for relocation. 2. Legal status 3. time in community 4. Language spoken at home and in community 5. health beliefs 6. Crisis events. 7. holidays and special events 8. contact with cultural and religious institutions 9. values about education and work 10. Values about family Gays and lesbians - ✔✔-Coming out process happens in sequence. Be aware of where each individual is in the process. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder while men are more likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder - ✔✔-borderline personality, antisocial personality . Disability - ✔✔-Defined as physical or mental condition that limits everyday activities. Do not automatically assume that the disability is the focus of treatment. HIV/AIDs- 4 stages - ✔✔-Acute infection, asymptomatic, symptomatic or chronic, AIDs. Reflection - ✔✔-o Restate the clients cognitive or emotional material o Demonstrate empathic understanding o Rogerian Client-Centered Therapists rely heavily on reflection o Overuse is counterproductive - important areas are l [Show More]

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