CPCE Top Exam Questions Review. 100% Accurate, rated A+

CPCE Top Exam Questions Review. 100% Accurate, rated A+ Draguns - ✔✔-Emic vs. Etic Emic: Good, treat clients as individuals with individual differences Etic: Bad, treats all clients the same "humans are humans" Aut ...

CPCE Top Exam Questions Review. 100% Accurate, rated A+ Draguns - ✔✔-Emic vs. Etic Emic: Good, treat clients as individuals with individual differences Etic: Bad, treats all clients the same "humans are humans" Autoplatic vs. Alloplastic - ✔✔-Autoplastic: change comes from within, internal Alloplastic: try to change external factors, "if you're unhappy with the system, change the system" Mores vs. Folkways - ✔✔-Mores: beliefs regarding the rightness or wrongness of behavior Folkways: like mores BUT breaking folkways results in embarrasment Ambivalent Transference - ✔✔-when the client rapidly shifts his/her emotional attitude toward the counselor based on learning and experiences related to authority figures from the past Asian Americans - ✔✔--most diverse group -Patriarchal -Talk no more than necessary -Solution focused -Counselor is seen as a trained expert Hispanic/Latino(a) Americans - ✔✔--benefit from catharsis -psychodrama -#1 largest minority group African Americans - ✔✔--rely on family and church for support -concrete skills -systems based family therapy -2nd largest minority group Terminal Drop/Decline Theory - ✔✔-dramatic decrease in intellectual functioning occurs with age, but only during the final 5 years of life. Only 8% of people are truly senile Native Americans - ✔✔--keep suffering quiet -do not engage in eye contact -storytelling or in client's home -alcoholism and suicide issues Best predictors of retirement adjustment - ✔✔-financial security and health Atkinson, Morten, and Sue Minority Identity Model (5) - ✔✔-1. Conformity: prefer a counselor from dominant culture 2. Dissonance: prefer a counselor from a minority group 3. Resistance and Immersion: reject dominant culture and accept one's own culture 4. Introspection 5. Synergetic Articulation and Awareness: prefer a counselor with the same worldview Anglo-Conformity Theory - ✔✔-people from other cultures should forget about their heritage and try to become like the dominant culture Asch and Sherif - ✔✔-"Sell Out" in a group of 6 people, 1/3 of the time the 6th person would conform to what the other 5 people said, even if it was wrong Sherif - ✔✔-Robbers Cave A cooperative goal can bring 2 hostile groups together Congruity Theory - ✔✔-a client is more likely to take suggestions if the client likes the counselor Lewin - ✔✔-Conflict/Frustration 1. Approach approach (Yale or Harvard) 2. Approach avoidance (Pretty but crazy) 3. Avoidance avoidance (Fine or jail) Schachter - ✔✔-Affiliation : the need to associate with others (misery loves company) -highest in newborns and only children Milgram - ✔✔-Obedience to authority (shocks) 62% administered the fatal shocks McDougall - ✔✔-hormic psychology wrote, "Introduction to Social Psychology" Alsworth Ross - ✔✔-wrote, "Social Psychology" Allport - ✔✔-Theory of social facilitation: the presence of other people improves an individual's performance Means test - ✔✔-whether a client is eligible for a social benefit or program such as temporary assistance for needy families (TANF) or food stamps Low context vs. High context communication - ✔✔-Low: long verbal explanation High: nonverbals that are understood by others in the culture SCCT - ✔✔-Social Cognition Career Theory: focuses on self-efficacy and cognitive processes Gottfredson - ✔✔-Emphasized circumscription (process of narrowing down acceptable alternatives) and compromise (can't implement preferred choices) Victor Vroom - ✔✔-Motivation and Management Expectancy Theory Employee performance is influenced by: -valance: rewards -expectancy: feel capable of doing -instrumentality: will manager give reward? Holland - ✔✔-Personality approach to career (most popular) RIASEC Strong Interest Inventory A.A. Brill - ✔✔-Psychoanalytic career theorist who emphasized sublimination Krumboltz - ✔✔-Happenstance Theory Social learning approach to career choice Edwin Bordin - ✔✔-felt a career choice could be used to solve unconscious conflicts Jane Loevinger - ✔✔-7 stage continuum theory of ego development Super - ✔✔-Emphasized self-concept Life career rainbow Tiedman and O'Hara - ✔✔-Decision Making Theory 1. Anticipation: imaging self in a given career 2. Implementation: engages in reality testing regarding expectations for the career Ann Roe - ✔✔-Psychodynamic Needs Approach to career Occupations are categorized into 6 levels and 8 fields Parsons - ✔✔-Trait and Factor Theory: argues there is a single best career for everyone Father of guidance, focused heavily on sociocultural issues Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad and Herma - ✔✔-Pioneer developmental career theorist who view career choice as an ongoing process (rather than 1 single decision made at one time) Most comprehensive career computer guidance system - ✔✔-SIGI 3 T scores - ✔✔-M=50 SD=10 Z scores - ✔✔-SD=1 Stanine Scale - ✔✔-divides the distribution into 9 equal parts The normal bell curve is also called ______________ and is _____________ - ✔✔-Gaussian curve Mesokurtic Standard Deviation - ✔✔-Measure of variability of scores Perfect reliability coefficent - ✔✔-1.00 Reliable tests are not always - ✔✔-valid Valid tests are always - ✔✔-reliable Construct - ✔✔-any trait you cannot directly measure or observe Aptitude, Achievement, and Power tests - ✔✔-Aptitude: measures potential Achievement: measures current accomplishments Power: measures mastery of a level w/o being timed Ipsative measures - ✔✔-comparing traits within an individual (not other people) Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence - ✔✔-Fluid: flexible, culture-free Crystallized: concrete, rigid, does not adapt J.P. Guilford - ✔✔-120 elements that add up to intelligence -Divergent: ability to generate a new idea -Convergent: divergent ideas combined into one concept Spearman - ✔✔-2 factors that are applicable to any mental task: general ability (G) and specific ability (S) Wechsler IQ Tests (3) - ✔✔-1. WAIS III: adults 16+ 2. WISC IV: 6-16 3. WPPSI: 2-7 Types of projective tests (3) - ✔✔-1. Association (inkblot) 2. Completion 3. Construction (draw a person) Entropy - ✔✔-Dysfunctional families are either too closed or too open negative entropy is the balanced state of a healthy family Public Law 93-380 - ✔✔-Buckley Amendment: Persons over 18 can inspect their own records and those of their children Horizontal vs. Vertical Interaction - ✔✔-Horizontal: interpersonal, works with the group as a whole Vertical: intrapersonal, works with individuals in the group ASGW, NASW, AAS - ✔✔-Association for Specialists in Group Work National Association of Social Workers American Association of Suicidology Classification of Groups (3) - ✔✔-Primary: preventative Secondary: problem is present but not severe (grief) Tertiary: individual difficulties that are more serious and longstanding Group Member Roles - ✔✔-Task: help solve problems, set goals Maintenance: encourager Scapegoat: everyone blames him/her Gatekeeper: time keeper Interrogator, follower, harmonizer, storyteller, isolate, energizer Marathon group - ✔✔-a long group over 24 hours for a couple to 7 days defenses and facades will drop Speculative leaders - ✔✔-focus primarily on the here and now 4 stages of group - ✔✔-1. initial (forming) 2. transition (storming) 3. working (norming) 4. termination (adjourning) Ideal Group Size - ✔✔-Children: 3-4 members Adolescents: 5-6 Adults: 6-8 Long term adult groups: up to 10 people Yalom - ✔✔-Major influence in group therapy in the U.S. 11 reasons that groups work so well Moreno - ✔✔-Father of psychodrama Coined the term "group therapy" Brought it to the U.S in 1925 3 Major leadership styles - ✔✔-1. Authoritarian (Theory X) 2. Democratic (Y) 3. Laissez-faire (Z) Which theorist's work has been classified as a preface to the group movement? - ✔✔-Adler Universality - ✔✔-we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem The initial stage of group is categorized by - ✔✔-approach-avoidance behavior When counseling a client from a different culture, a common error is made when negative transference... - ✔✔-is interpreted as therapeutic transference The word personalism in the context of multicultural counseling means - ✔✔-all people must adjust to environmental and geological demands "Hey I'm Black and it's nearly impossible to hide it," is an example of: - ✔✔-race is not the same as ethnicity What group has more time to look introspectively? - ✔✔-higher SES Adler - ✔✔-Father of individual psychology -Birth order is significant Williamson - ✔✔-Trait-Factory Theory: humans are born with the potential for good or evil Frankl - ✔✔-Logotherapy: existential view that humans are good, rational, and retain freedom of choice 3 types of learning exist: - ✔✔-1. Reinforcement 2. Association 3. Insight Paradoxical techniques - ✔✔-Adler Exaggeration of something you're afraid of or a symptom Ex: If someone is afraid of shaking on stage, have them exaggerate the behavior The Archway Model - ✔✔-Super One pillar: Individual characteristics Second pillar: family, the labor market, and other external factors Come together to create "Self" at the top of the archway Counselors focus on what 2 things as consultants? - ✔✔-Process and content Process-consultation model - ✔✔-Doctor-pati