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National Counselor Exam Questions with Complete Solutions

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National Counselor Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Convergent Validation ✔✔Refers to times when there is a high correlation between the concept the test is meant to study and OTHER constructs. Bergan's Behavioral Model of Consultation - Four Stages: ✔✔- Problem identification - Problem analysis - Plan implementation - Problem evaluation Consultation is used when counselors would like to function more effectively in individual, group, or community settings. Bergen's model uses a BEHAVIORAL APPROACH that emphasizes the verbal interactions during consultation. Bergan's model also focuses on problem behaviors, their antecedents, and their consequences. Descriptive statistics ✔✔Aims to describe collected data and includes: - means - percentages - standard deviations - frequency counts. Analysis of variance ✔✔A type of inferential data used to measure the PROBABILITY of an EVENT occurring in the POPULATION. Five Stages of the Racial/Cultural Identity Developmental Model? ✔✔- Conformity - Dissonance - Desistance & Immersion - Introspection - Integrative awareness. Integrative awareness occurs when the individual can appreciate aspects of both the dominant and minority cultures. Four levels of measurement: ✔✔Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio. Nonparametric statistical measures ✔✔Often used with DESCRIPTIVE DATA and should be used with NOMINAL DATA (numbers that represent a category or quality). Ex: chi-square The typical range for the STANDARD DEVIATION when calculating a Z-SCORE ✔✔The range for standard deviation of a z-score is -3.0 to 3.0. For a z-score, the mean is 0 and the standard deviation is 1.0. When the raw score is below the mean, the z-score is negative, and when the raw score is above the mean, the z-score is positive. Why might the t-test be used? ✔✔To determine whether the mean scores of two groups are significantly different from each other This test compares the t value from the first calculation to the t value in the second calculation to find whether the mean scores of the two groups are significantly different from each other. Coefficient of nondetermination ✔✔The coefficient of NONdetermination is the unique variance. To find the coefficient of nondetermination, first find the coefficient of determination by squaring the correlation (.80 x .80 = .64, or 64%). Then subtract this from 100% to find the coefficient of NONdetermination (100% - 64% = 36%). Standardized scores ✔✔Standardized scores are helpful when comparing several different test scores for the same person, as direct comparisons between different tests are impossible. Standardizing scores allows for continuity and an equality of

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