NLN Pharm Exam 83 Questions with Answers 2023,100% CORRECT

NLN Pharm Exam 83 Questions with Answers 2023 Aminoglycosides - CORRECT ANSWER -mycin, nephrotoxic, ototoxic, peak & trough Sulfonamides - CORRECT ANSWER anti-infective, bacteriostatic, hepato/nephrotoxic, ...

NLN Pharm Exam 83 Questions with Answers 2023 Aminoglycosides - CORRECT ANSWER -mycin, nephrotoxic, ototoxic, peak & trough Sulfonamides - CORRECT ANSWER anti-infective, bacteriostatic, hepato/nephrotoxic, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, drink lots of fluids, collect C&S prior Thiazide diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER non-K+ sparing, electrolyte imbalance, glucose intolerance, renal failure, take with food early in day tricyclic antidepressants - CORRECT ANSWER orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention*, cardiac toxicity, sedation, convulsions if OD Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) - CORRECT ANSWER antiPLT, Reye's Syndrome, GI bleed, tinnitus, liver toxicity, visual changes, take with water or milk Activated Charcoal (Actidose) - CORRECT ANSWER treat poison, vomiting, pulmonary aspiration, binding is irreversible - may add sorbitol Acyclovir (Zovirax) - CORRECT ANSWER antiviral, HSV, nephrotoxic, refrain fro sex if S/S Alteplase (Activase) - CORRECT ANSWER thrombolytic, watch for bleeding/shock - STOP and notify Aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel) - CORRECT ANSWER antacid, toxicity causes dementia, HF, metabolic acidosis Ampicillin - CORRECT ANSWER Abx, allergic rxn, GI side effects, don't give with fruit juice, take on empty stomach, watch for hypokalemia Atropine Sulfate - CORRECT ANSWER anticholinergic (for Parkinson's), dec involuntary mvmt, paralytic ileus, resp. depression, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention Beclomethasone Dipropionate (Beclovent) - CORRECT ANSWER inhaled corticosteroid, asthma, watch throat side effects, rinse mouth after inhalation, taper benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) - CORRECT ANSWER Anticholinergic, anti-Parkinson's, drowsiness, dry mouth, paralytic ileus Buspirone (Buspar) - CORRECT ANSWER anxiolytic, avoid with MAO-i's, less SE Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium) - CORRECT ANSWER anxiolytic, benzo, taper, resp. distress, photosensitivity, suicide tendencies, give with milk/food, check BP&pulse Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) - CORRECT ANSWER Abx -eye, edema, superinfection, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, anemia, get C&S first Chlorothiazide (Diuril) - CORRECT ANSWER thiazide diuretic, antihypertensive, electrolyte imbalance, impaired glucose tolerance, renal failure, take in AM with food Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine) - CORRECT ANSWER Antipsychotic/Antiemetic, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, liver damage, tremor, blocks DA, give bromocripitine/dantrolene for NMS Cimetidine (Tagamet) - CORRECT ANSWER h2 antagonist-antiucler agent Uses: short term treatment of duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers; GERD Side effects: arrhythmias, agranulocytosis, anemia, neutropenia, confusion, erectile dysfunction implications: assess for epigastric or abdominal pain and frank/occult blood in stool, emesis, or gastric aspirate; administer with meals or afterwards and at bedtime; increase fibers and fluid intake Cisplatin (Platinol) - CORRECT ANSWER cancer tx, anaphylaxis, nephrotoxic, ototoxic, watch UO, avoid thiamine foods (MKE foods) codeine sulfate (Codeine) - CORRECT ANSWER opioid agonist, antitussive, resp. depression, hold if changes in LOC or <12 breaths/min Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) - CORRECT ANSWER tx of pernicious anemia, anaphylactic shock, hematologic agent Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) - CORRECT ANSWER Immunosuppressant, transplant rejection, nephro/hepatotoxic, take with food, not with grapefruit juice Debrox drops - CORRECT ANSWER dewax, SE allergic rxn, keep head tilted 5 min Diazepam (Valium) - CORRECT ANSWER Benzo, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, onset: 15 IV, 30 IM, 60 PO, SE angioedema, anaphylaxis, anticholinergic, taper Digoxin (Lanoxin) - CORRECT ANSWER Antiarrhythmic, toxic >2, TR 0.5-2, toxicity halo vision, monitor pulse <60 hold, weigh daily Dilsulfiram (Antabuse) - CORRECT ANSWER alcohol antagonist, SE acetaldehyde syndrome, Intended rxn: flushing, HA, N/V, thirst, sweating, may last 2 wks Epinephrine (adrenaline) - CORRECT ANSWER Uses: anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, asthma attack. SE inc HR, BP, tremors, chest pain, sleeplessness, nervousness Famotidine (Pepcid) - CORRECT ANSWER H2 antagonist, SE thrombocytopenia, dry mouth, avoid antacid within 1 hour of dose Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Prozac) - CORRECT ANSWER Antidepressant, SSRI, triyclic antidepressant, wait 4-6 wks before switch to MAO-I, SE Selective Serotonin Syndrome, taper, give around noon (SE insomnia), onset 2-3 wks Fluphenazine (Prolixin) - CORRECT ANSWER Antipsychotic, SE ABCDE (anticholinergic, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, EPS), Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Monitor LFTs Furosemide (Lasix) - CORRECT ANSWER diuretic/antihypertensive, SE hypokalemia, ototoxicity, give IV slowly, orthostatic hypotension, take with food in AM, replace K+, monitor labs and weight Gentamicin (Garamycin) - CORRECT ANSWER aminoglycoside antibiotic, Peak/Trough, nephrotoxic, ototoxic, superinfection, maintain hydration, high protein foods, monitor BUN/Creat Glipizide (Glucotrol) - CORRECT ANSWER Antidiabetic, inc insulin secretion, SE hypoglycemia, skin rash, monitor labs, take with first daily meal Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWER Emergency hypoglycemia tx, give IV with D5W only, NOT NS, SE N/V Glyburide (Micronase/Diabeta) - CORRECT ANSWER Antidiabetic, inc insulin secretion to dec blood glucose, SE hypoglycemia, monitor labs, give once in AM with meal Haloperidol (Haldol) - CORRECT ANSWER Antipsychotic, SE ABCDE, photosensitivity, NMS, give with milk or food, taper Heparin - CORRECT ANSWER Anticoagulant, flush, SE HIT, bleeding, prevents new clots, monitor aPTT (normal 30-40, with hep 60-80), no IM Hydrochlorothiazide hydrochloride (Hydrodiuril, HCTZ) - CORRECT ANSWER thiazide diuretic, dec edema & BP, SE hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, give with food early in day, photosensitivity, eat K+ foods Hydroxyzine HCl (Atarax, Vistaril) - CORRECT ANSWER antiemetic, H1 antagonist, antipruritic, SE CNS depression, drowsiness, dry mouth Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) - CORRECT ANSWER NSAID, SE nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, rash, Stevens Johnson Syndrome in kids insulin regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) - CORRECT ANSWER - Short-Acting Insulin - Onset: 30-60 minutes - Peak: 2-4 hours - Duration: 5-7 hours - Nursing considerations: give 30-60 minutes before meal, can mix with NPH, ONLY insulin that can be given IV Isophane NPH (Humulin N) - CORRECT ANSWER intermediate acting insulin, may be mixed with Regular insulin, NPH is cloudy, roll bottle/don't shake, give 30 min before first meal, eat mid-afternoon snack Insulin glargine (Lantus) - CORRECT ANSWER - Long-Acting Insulin - Onset:3-4 hours - Peak: none - Duration: 24 hours - Nursing considerations: Give once daily at the same time, DO NOT MIX WITH OTHER INSULINS, usually given at night time Iron - CORRECT ANSWER SE N/V, stained teeth, black stools, take on empty stomach with water or juice, NOT with milk, Vit C inc absorption ipecac syrup - CORRECT ANSWER emetic, posion tx, SE cardiotoxicity if substance is retained, takes 20-30 min Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - CORRECT ANSWER local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic, STOP with EKG changes, SE heart block, hypotension, bradycardia, TR 1.5-6, lithium carbonate (Eskalith) - CORRECT ANSWER mood stabilizer, antipsychotic, TR 0.8-1.5, toxic >2, full effect 2-3 wks, SE fine tremor, V/D, slurred speech, muscle weakness, give with meals, hydrate, monitor Li level q3months, watch for fluid retention Lorazepam (Ativan) - CORRECT ANSWER benzo anxiolytic, SE sedation, paradoxical rxn, taper, watch suicide risk Magnesium Sulfate - CORRECT ANSWER normal level 1.8-3, PO laxative, IV CNS depressant, 4g loading dose, Mg toxicity resp. depression, thirst, sedation, confusion, cardiac arrest, muscle weakness -S/S hypomagnesemia: irritability, tremors, tetany, tachycardia, HTN, psychotic behavior Mannitol (Osmitrol) - CORRECT ANSWER osmotic diuretic, use in oliguria and renal failure, SE thrombophelbitis, CHF, hyponatremia, HA or confusion if rebound ICP, circulatory overload -Crystals may form, use filter needle -Expected SE thirst, blurred vision, rhinitis Meperdine Hydrochloride (Demerol) - CORRECT ANSWER narcotic analgesia, give narcan for toxicity, if RR <12 hold, SE resp. depression, inc ICP, rash, urticaria, assess LOC Metoprolol Tartrate (Lopressor, Toprol) - CORRECT ANSWER beta blocker, antianginal, dec HR & BP, post-acute MI, give with food, taper, hold if BP <90 or pulse <60, SE heart block, acute CHF, elevated BUN/Creat, bronchospasm Morphine Sulfate - CORRECT ANSWER MS Contin = sustained release, won't help breakthrough pain. opioid agonist, hold if RR <12, hydrate to prevent constipation, SE withdrawal, resp. depression, pinpoint pupils, coma, paradoxical rxn Naloxone (Narcan) - CORRECT ANSWER opiate antagonist, reverses opioid induced resiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. SE v-tach, v-fib, convulsion, pulmonary edema, N/V -titrate dose slowly to avoid withdrawal S/S Nedocromil (Tilade) - CORRECT ANSWER anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, asthma prophylaxis, rinse mouth after to avoid dry mouth, not for acute attack, bitter taste Neomycin sulfate (Mycifradin) - CORRECT ANSWER Aminoglycoside abx PO, NOT IV, SE skin rash, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, poorly tolerated GI Nifedipine (Procardia) - CORRECT ANSWER Calcium channel blocker, anti HTN and Antianginal, inc CO -Adverse: gingival hyperplasia -SE: HA, fatigue, dizziness, postural hypotension, peripheral edema -Don't give 1-2 wks after acute MI, don't give with grapefruit juice, don't stop suddenly, hold for BP <90/60 Oxytocin (Pitocin) - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulates smooth muscle to contract. Helps in birthing process/expel placenta. Induce labor, reduce PP bleeding, SE hypertensive crisis, fetal anoxia, monitor lochia, BP and FHR Pancrealipase (Creon, Pancrease) - CORRECT ANSWER -Uses: enzyme replacement therapy, helps breakdown molecules for better absorption, CF, steatorrhea, malabsorption syndrome -SE: hyperuricemia (joint swelling or pain) -Take with food or just before meals, don't mix brand names Phenobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER -Luminal = short-acting -Anticonvulsant, slow IV, don't stop abruptly -SE: CNS depression, Stevens Johnson syndrome, Paradoxical rxn Pilocarpine (Pilocar) - CORRECT ANSWER direct acting cholinergic agonist, antidote to Atropine, dec intraocular pressure, SE ataxia, confusion, seizure, retinal detachment Prazosin (Minipress) - CORRECT ANSWER alpha 1 antagonist, antihypertensive, treat BPH, vasodilator, monitor UO, BP -SE: first-dose phenomenon syncope, orthostatic hypotension, impotence Prochlorperazine (Compazine) - CORRECT ANSWER Antiemetic & Antipsychotic, start doses low and inc slowly, avoid excessive sunlight, urine may turn red/brown, SE akathisia, persistent tardive dyskinesia, tremor, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia Promethazine (Phenergan) - CORRECT ANSWER antiemetic, antihistamine, anti-vertigo, motion sickness, SE resp. depression, drowsiness, agranulocytosis, blurred vision, dry mouth, EPS, give with food, avoid sun protamine sulfate - CORRECT ANSWER antidote for heparin OD, monitor VS and aPTT, SE abrupt drop in BP Ranitidine (Zantac) - CORRECT ANSWER H2 antagonist, dec gastric secretion, SE hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, HA, dry mouth, avoid antacid within 1 hour of dose RhoGAM - CORRECT ANSWER -anti-Rh antibodies; IgG -Given to Rh-neg moms with Rh-pos babies; provides passive immunity -Systemic allergic rxn can occur Setraline (Zoloft) - CORRECT ANSWER Antidepressant, SSRI, 2-3 wks to be effective, SE Selective Serotonin Syndrome, give with food in AM, suicide risk, avoid grapefruit juice Sprionolactone (Aldactone) - CORRECT ANSWER potassium sparing diuretic, SE hyperkalemia (N/V/D, tachycardia then bradycardia), orthostatic hypotension, anemia, thrombocytopenia, take with food Sucralfate (Carafate) - CORRECT ANSWER Antiulcer Agent, no antacid within 30 min of dose, SE constipation, nausea theophylline (Theo-Dur) - CORRECT ANSWER bronchodilator, used in asthma to reverse bronchospasm; SE restlessness, agitation, HA, insomnia, PO take with water and after meals at same time each day, can cause seizure with high dose -normal: 10-20, toxic >20 Tobramycin (TOBI) - CORRECT ANSWER Aminoglycoside abx, inhalation preventative with CF, SE nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, Peak/Trough, monitor renal labs Tolbutamide (Orinase) - CORRECT ANSWER diabetes, sulfonylureas, give 1-2xday after meals, SE hypoglycemia, pruritis, photosensitivity -alcohol could cause flushing, palpitations, nausea Triazolam (Halcion) - CORRECT ANSWER Benzodiazepine, anxiolytic, rapid onset 15-30 min, manage insomnia short-term, SE coma, resp. depression, paradoxical anxiety, sleepwalking, drowsiness, tolerance may develop, taper Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) - CORRECT ANSWER Anticholinergic, antispasmodic, tx Parkinson's, control EPS, SE paralytic ileus, dec UO, dry mouth, monitor I&O, Vincristine (Oncovin) - CORRECT ANSWER Antineoplastic Agent, Vinca Alkaloid, tx cancers, SE neurotoxicity, 1st depression of Achilles reflex, paralytic ileus, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenic precautions, assess reflexes, give hyaluronidase if infiltrates Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - CORRECT ANSWER -S/S deficiency: lack of energy, dec brain fxn, skin lesions, conjunctivitis -AA metabolism, RBC production -SE: neuropathy, ataxia, seizures -Causes: alcoholism, malabsorption disorders, OCPs -Diet: green leafy veg, organ meats, fish, poultry, legumes, bananas, whole grains, potatoes Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - CORRECT ANSWER -Deficiency: scurvy; malaise, pinpoint hemorrhages, bleeding gums, rough skin -Protects connective tissue, supports immune system, increases iron absorption -SE: crystalluria -Diet: citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, tomatoes -High doses can interfere with B12 absorption Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) - CORRECT ANSWER -Deficiency: Rickets; bones don't calcify, bowed legs, osteomalacia, muscle spasm -Calcium and phosphate metabolism -SE: hypercalcemia, stones, HA, hallucinations, dysrhythmias -Diet: egg yolks, some fish, fortified cereals and milk, sunlight Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) - CORRECT ANSWER -Deficiency: hemolytic anemia -Prevents cell membrane damage, protects against blood clot development -SE: jaundice, brain damage, HA, blurred vision -Diet: veg oils, green leafy veg, nuts, dairy, eggs Vitamin K1 (phytonadione, AquaMEPHYTON) - CORRECT ANSWER -Deficiency causes hemorrhage -Antidote to Warfarin -Promotes synthesis of clotting factors in liver, given to newborns -SE: bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, monitor PT/INR -Diet: asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, green leafy, tomatoes, green tea Warfarin (Coumadin) - CORRECT ANSWER ORAL Anticoagulant, Vit K1 = antidote, PT 1.5-2.5, INR 2-3, SE bleeding, heparin is tapered slowly when starting Warfarin PO -Given in PM with labs in AM, same time each day