LARC 160 Exam 1

LARC 160 Exam 1 What is a floodplain? - ✔✔An area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding. How can floods assist an area? - ✔✔Floods bring nutrients and seeds ...

LARC 160 Exam 1 What is a floodplain? - ✔✔An area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding. How can floods assist an area? - ✔✔Floods bring nutrients and seeds to an area. Good for agricultural use. Floods define a floodplain boundary. Some flood plains are required. What is the ASLA? - ✔✔The American Society of Landscape Architects What are the four critical issues as defined by ASLA? - ✔✔Water Resilience Human Health Economic Revitalization What are the three categories of landscape assessment related to design solution observations? - ✔✔Natural systems- sun, soil, wind, water, drainage, wildlife, vegetation, slope, climate Built systems- roads, walks, utilities, buildings, structures, plazas, Cultural systems- social interaction, group dynamic, government, media What is the lowest elevation on our campus? The highest? - ✔✔Lowest- 75 Feet Highest- 175 Feet What are landscape problems associated with development? - ✔✔wind erosion, energy loss, discomfort soil loss, erosion, sedimentation, property damage habitat loss, species reduction water quality impairment, flooding, sedimentation, aquatic ecosystem disruption, heat island increases, high maintenance costs Name three natural systems that provide ecosystem services. - ✔✔Hydrology- Evaporation, rain, returns to waterways Soil- has insects, microbes, soil animals, fungi Vegetation- vegetative communities, native, beneficial relationships, don't use invasive species, plants that don't need additional inputs. What are the two most important soil properties to a landscape architect? - ✔✔Can it be built upon? (Structural Load). Can you grow plants in it? What are the sources of soil? - ✔✔Dead and decaying plants and animals and broken down bedrock. What are the seven water problems discussed in lecture? - ✔✔1) Overuse 2) Rapid runoff 3) Flooding 4) Erosion 5) Siltation 6) Drought 7) Contamination Spatial definition is achieved by these three elements - ✔✔Landforms, vegetation, structures What is a ha-ha wall? - ✔✔A recessed landscape design element that creates a vertical barrier while preserving an uninterrupted view of the landscape beyond. How can the rate of pedestrian movement be influenced in a public space? - ✔✔Topography changes, elevation changes. Steps, slope, flat surfaces, if there is an obstacle that makes you stop and look at something. Can a section cut have a different vertical and horizontal scale? Why or why not? - ✔✔No, the purpose of a cross section is to gain a sense of the vertical terrain and topography. To alter the horizontal and vertical scale ruins the very purpose of the drawing. "no because it is stupid" What provokes the UMD alumni's fondest memories on campus according to the Alumni poll? - ✔✔The Allies (willow oaks) and the walk down the McKeldin Mall What are controlled access roads? - ✔✔Highway (no lights), only can get on by use of ramps What are limited access roads? - ✔✔Occasional intersections, stop lights, bikers What are minor collector roads? - ✔✔Streets that take you from home TO limited access roads What are complete streets/green streets? - ✔✔A complete street encompasses all modes of transportation and mainly serve that purpose. Green Streets contain vegetation and environmental aspects like air quality, heat island, stormwater management These two types of street are becoming more and more intertwined. Modern streets satisfy both definitions. What are examples of natural systems? - ✔✔Lighting, soil, water drainage and flow, wildlife aka local ecosystems, vegetation, topography, weather, air, wind, sun (house facing away from cold Northwest Winds) What are examples of built systems as related to land development? - ✔✔Roads, walkways, utility systems, buildings, streets, earthwork, etc. How do cultural systems influence design? - ✔✔social interaction, group dynamic, government, media What is a 100 year storm event? - ✔✔A storm of a certain magnitude that occurs, on average, every 100 years. How is storm water most commonly conveyed in an urban watershed? - ✔✔Storm water drainage systems, mainly underground pipes What is an extensive green roof? - ✔✔A green roof not intended to be walked upon. Usually 4in of soil. What is an intensive green roof? - ✔✔A green roof built with the intention of human activity. Soil depth up to 18in. Hornbake Plaza example. What physiographic region(s) are we located in? - ✔✔Atlantic Coastal Plain Why is Landscape Architecture a licensed profession? - ✔✔Safety. Being able to authorize a design. If anyone were to get hurt in your design space, you would be liable. Need to re-license every two years What is the ASLA's definition of landscape architecture? - ✔✔"The science and art of design, planning, management and stewardship of the land. Landscape architecture involves natural and built elements, cultural and scientific knowledge, and concern for resource conservation to the end that the resulting environment serves a useful and enjoyable purpose. Successful landscape architecture maximizes use of the land, adds value to a project and minimizes costs, all with minimum disruption to nature." Are continuing education credits required for professional Landscape Architects in the state of Maryland? - ✔✔Yes, a minimum of 12 credit hours per year are required to maintain a professional Landscape Architect License What is the difference between site inventory and site analysis? - ✔✔Site inventory only lists things that are on property like 2 trees, 4 buildings, and a stream. Site analysis answers the So What Question- "we could use those apple trees" How did the agricultural revolution change human culture? - ✔✔Once we realized we did not need to chase food anymore, we stayed in one place and began settlements. Deforestation (ag is not natural!) What is the IPCC definition of adaptation? - ✔✔"Adjustments in practices, processes, and structures to take account of changing climate conditions." Simonds and Starke definition of adaptation? - ✔✔"The essential strength - the very reason for our survival and the key to all future achievement- is our unique power of perception and deduction. Perception (making oneself aware of all conditions and application factors) & Deduction (deriving through reason, an appropriate means of procedure) are the essence of planning." What are some of the benefits of natural landscape systems? - ✔✔supply, transport, treat and store water · modify the climate · oxygenate and purify the air · produce food · treat or assimilate waste · build land (plate movements, volcanic processes, accretion) · maintain beaches · provide protection from hurricanes How does Steiner define suitability analysis? - ✔✔"The process of determining the fitness, or the appropriateness of a given tract of land for a specified use." What is culture lost referring to in the Knox Towers project? - ✔✔The original Knox Boxes were a place for students to live off campus affordably. There was also a gathering space that was very popular and now the space is occupied by more expensive luxury apartments. What is a site inventory? - ✔✔topographic survey, base map What is a site analysis? - ✔✔Ideas; references to physical, biological, cultural attributes; Reference opportunities and constraints. "analysis is where you want to put things" "its not analysis unless you come up with conclusions" What is a schematic plan? - ✔✔Draft sizes, spatial relationships, spatially explicit What is a site plan? - ✔✔Measured drawing What is an illustrative drawing? - ✔✔the colored in version you show a client with people using the space etc Name six ordering principles. - ✔✔Axis Symmetry Hierarchy Rhythm/repetition Datum Transformation Axis - ✔✔a line established by two points in space about which forms and spaces can be arranged in a symmetrical or balanced manner. Qualities- length, direction, induces movement, promotes view. Must be terminated at both ends. Example Villa Lante Symmetry - ✔✔balanced distribution and arrangement of equivalent forms and spaces on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane, or about a center or axis. All symmetrical patterns must eventually reconcile with asymmetrical world. Hierarchy - ✔✔The articulation of importance or significance of a form or space by its size, shape, or placement relative to the other forms and spaces of the organization. Datum - ✔✔Serves to gather, measure, organize patterns and shapes. Ex Red Ribbon Park in China along the river. Rhythm - ✔✔Unifying movement characterized by a patterned repetition or alteration of formal elements or motifs in the same or modified form. Transformation - ✔✔structure can be altered without a loss of identity. Examples of sculptural stairs in Georgetown and wavy bridge. Isabelle Green - ✔✔The Love Lace Garden- 60-foot lap pool, set in woodlands which abound on the property, the pool is completely surrounded with boulders from the site. The Valentine Garden- one of the most photographed contemporary gardens in the world. Gravel and water resistant plants. A Zen garden using Mediterranean plants placed with a museum-like quality, the garden includes colorful ground covers and gorgeous tiered planters Pamela Palmer - ✔✔Horizon Garden- took advantage of its proximity to the ocean to highlight inspiring views. Simple not cluttered. Blue Oak Hills- 40-acre site peppered with blue oaks. Two level plains of water so as one walks around the site, they can always see the trees in waters reflection. All her work includes water Andrea Cochran - ✔✔Stone Edge Farm- garden changes with the seasons Mia Lehers - ✔✔La River Project- 32 mile scar of concrete basin snaking through LA county. Will bring community together Orange County Great Park- an engaging public park on 1300 acres of an abandoned Air Force airport. Katherine Spitz - ✔✔She is a proponent of widening sidewalks, adding benches for people to rest and trees to provide shade. On Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, she added a center median and narrowed traffic lanes from each side of the street, forcing traffic to slow down. Lauren Melendez - ✔✔Staples Center in the South Park (Colorado)- area of Los Angeles. There, Ms. Melendrez used landscape and hardscape to make the space inviting, beautiful and safe. Street improvement Downtown LA City Hall- Police Headquarters into a park like welcoming space. Cheryl Barton - ✔✔Rosie the River Project- pays tribute to the women who build Victory Ships during World War II. Built on land once used for shipbuilding. Pictures and quotes of women who once worked there. Analysis answers which question? - ✔✔The "so what" question.