HESI A2 Biology (V1) - study guide 1 rated A+

HESI A2 Biology (V1) - study guide 1 rated A+ Which movement requires carrier protein but not direct cellular energy ✔✔facilitated transport Which term denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower c ...

HESI A2 Biology (V1) - study guide 1 rated A+ Which movement requires carrier protein but not direct cellular energy ✔✔facilitated transport Which term denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration ✔✔active transport Plasmolysis is a term describing ✔✔cellular shrinkage, which occurs when cells are immersed in hypertonic solution Which particular structure is present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells ✔✔cell membrane Which cell type is characterized by the lack of true nucleus and the absense of membrane-bound organelles ✔✔prokaryotic cell Which organelle is associated with hydrolytic enzymes and is sometimes reffered to as the suicide bag ✔✔lysosomes Pinocytosis is the process of ✔✔enclosing liquid substances in a membrane and secreting it into the cell The plasma membrane of the eurokaryotic cell determines selectively which substances can enter or leave the cell. Such a membrane is called ✔✔selective permable What primarily determines the shae of the cell that lacks cell walls ✔✔microtubules and microfilaments Which pair of organelles are responsible for energy supple to eukaryotic cells ✔✔chloroplast and mitochondia Which organelle is the synthesis of ATP associated with ✔✔mitochonrida The plasma membrane is soluble to ✔✔lipids The process whereby muscle cells product lactic acid is called ✔✔fermentation During aerobic respiration, which substance is released ✔✔36 ATP non-cyclic photophosphorylation takes place inside the ✔✔thylakoids The dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in ✔✔stoma Aerobic cellular respiration is more important to sustaining life than anaerobic because it produces ✔✔more energy Which organelle is responsible for oxygen production ✔✔chloroplast An organic catalyst that enhances the chemical reaction is called ✔✔an enzyme first stage of aerobic cellular respiration ✔✔glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the ✔✔cytoplasm For the aerobic pathway, electron transport systems are located in the? ✔✔mitochondria Codominance occurs when ✔✔both of the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in an individual Mitosis is a single human cell usually results in the formation of ✔✔2 diploid cells Meosis is a single human cell usually results in the formation of ✔✔4 haploid cells If your produce sexually, you produce ✔✔gametes through meosisi If you produce asexually, you product ✔✔offsprings via mitosis What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype of only a homozygous individual ✔✔dominant The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosome from? ✔✔the male Cell division occurs most rapidly in ✔✔cancerous tissue Which type of blood is the universal donor? ✔✔O Passage of water through membrane of a cell is called ✔✔osmosis Which term includes all others ✔✔organism The Kreb Cycle produced ✔✔2 CO2, NADH & FADH2 The presence of of which substance is more important for all cell activity ✔✔watre The basic structure of a cell membrane is ✔✔phospholipid bilayer (protein) Cytoplasmic structures that contain powerful hydrolysis enzymes, which could lead to cell destruction in the absence of surrounding membranes are ✔✔lysosomes Organic substances made up of several amino acids bound together are ✔✔proteins The smallest known microorganisms are ✔✔viruses The end product of metabolism ✔✔amino acids Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as ✔✔glucose The substance of basic life is ✔✔proteins The body obtains most of its nitrogen from ? ✔✔proteins The basic unit of living organisms is ✔✔cell The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is known as ✔✔osmosis The process in which carbon dioxide and water are combined under the influence of light in green plants are called ✔✔photosynthesis Amino acids that cannot be manufactures by the body are called ✔✔essential amino acids The body's continual response to changes in the external and internal environment is called ✔✔homestatsis The ability of a cell to reproduce is called ✔✔mitosis The part of the cell necessary for reproduction is the ✔✔nucleus Proteins are polymers of _____. ✔✔amino acids In cellular metabolism, glycolysis does not require ✔✔CO2 Cellular proteins are synthesized in ✔✔ribosomes In eukaryotic cells, the phase of division that produces 2 daughter cells is ✔✔cytokinesis Some substances are transported across cell membranes by proteins are known as ✔✔permeases The cellular organelle where respiration reactions for the release of energy occurs in ✔✔mitchondrion The most efficient cellular respieation process, in terms of energy-yield per molecule of glucose is ✔✔aerobic respiration A cellular organelle found in typical plants cells, but not in typical animal cells is ✔✔chloroplast Every cell contains ✔✔cell membrane and cytoplasm The two organic substances present in chromosomes are ? ✔✔protein and nucleic acid Genes may be defined as ✔✔functional segments of chromosomes The dense mass of ribonucleic acid within the nucleus is the ✔✔nucleolus The endoplasmic reticulum may be described as ✔✔Series of membranes in the cell's cytoplasm The lysosomes of the cell contain ✔✔digestive enzymes The mitochondria of the cell are best known as ✔✔energy is released from food molecules The flagella of human cells cause ✔✔cell movement During the process of diffusion ✔✔molecules move from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration The plasma membrane is semipermeable membrane because ✔✔it lets only certain molecule through Virtually, all chemical reactions of the cell are catalyzed by ✔✔enzymes The codon is a three-base group of nucleotides that specifices ✔✔an amino acid Protein synthesis in the cell could not occur in the absence of ✔✔amino acid molecules A molceule of messanger RNA contains ✔✔exons, no introns Which of the following types of hormones stimulates a chemical response to a target cell by diffucing through the cell membrane to bind to the receptor inside the cell ✔✔fat-solute hormones Within the biologic hierarchic system of organization, which of the following is least inclusive? ✔✔species Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water? ✔✔the result of the polarity in hydrogen bonding, high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is ✔✔metabolism The two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production are ✔✔cellular respiration and fermenation When plants do not receive enough water their photosynthetic rated drops. This is because: ✔✔water is a raw material for the light reactions in photosynthesis 72 Chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete? ✔✔36 What process shows how information is transformed to make protein? ✔✔DNA-RNA-Protein