NURS 2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECTLY ANSWERED

1. Liver - plays a major role in the digestive process. It is responsible for the production of bile and the metabolism of nutrients. Bile salts aid in the breakdown of lipids into smaller particles. 2. Mechanical ob ...

1. Liver - plays a major role in the digestive process. It is responsible for the production of bile and the metabolism of nutrients. Bile salts aid in the breakdown of lipids into smaller particles. 2. Mechanical obstruction - the bowel is physically blocked by problems outside the intestine (e.g., adhesions), in the bowel wall (e.g., Crohn's disease), or in the intestinal lumen (e.g., tumors). 3. Nonmechanical obstruction (also known as paralytic ileus or adynamic ileus) - does not involve a physical obstruction in or outside the intestine. Instead, peristalsis is decreased or absent as a result of neuromuscular disturbance, resulting in a slowing of the movement or a backup of intestinal contents 4. Mechanical obstruction can result from: - • Adhesions (scar tissue from surgeries or pathology) • Benign or malignant tumor • Complications of appendicitis • Hernias • Fecal impactions (especially in older adults) • Strictures due to Crohn's disease (an inflammatory condition) or previous radiation therapy • Intussusception (telescoping of a segment of the intestine within itself) • Volvulus (twisting of the intestine) (see Fig. 56-1) • Fibrosis due to disorders such as endometriosis • Vascular disorders (e.g., emboli and arteriosclerotic narrowing of mesenteric vessels) MDC2 Final Exam ALL THE BEST 5. Intestinal Obstruction Assessment - Tachycardia · High pitched bowel sounds •Obstipation •Abdominal distention • Abdominal cramping •Nausea •Vomiting •Abdominal pain • Diarrhea · Abdominal rigidity 6. Intestinal Obstruction • Interventions: - • Monitor vital signs to determine fluid volume status · Assess abdomen for bowel sounds and distention •Monitor fluid and electrolytes •Manage nasogastric tube •Keep patient NPO • Provide frequent oral care • Monitor Intake and output •Administer medication for pain · Ambulate patient • Post-operative care 7. Intestinal Obstruction Interventions: continued - • Consult dietician to ensure nutritional needs are met • Provide emotional and spiritual support for the patient and family