1. Malignant tumors
- normal cell that has migrated and is not growing or behaving like it should
2. Benign tumors
- normal cells growing in the wrong place
3. Primary tumor
- the tissue from which it arose (parent
...
1. Malignant tumors
- normal cell that has migrated and is not growing or behaving like it should
2. Benign tumors
- normal cells growing in the wrong place
3. Primary tumor
- the tissue from which it arose (parent tissue) that tissue can show up in other parts of
the body
4. Secondary (metastatic) tumor
- cancer cells move from primary location and create additional tumors
5. Steps of metastasis
- initiation > promotion > progression > metastasis
6. Cancer classification - tissue of origin
- grading, ploidy, staging
7. Grading cancer classification
- how much has it changed?
8. Ploidy cancer classification
MDC 2 Exam 1
ALL THE BEST
- number of chromosomes?
9. Staging cancer classification
- how advanced is it? did it start in one place? has it spread?
10. Cancer grading
- cellular aspect - how aggressive/sensitive to treatment?
G1-4
G1 - low grade still resembles tissue they came from >
G4- no longer resemble the tissue they come from
11. Tumor staging - TNM system
- when cancer is graded we are looking for how angry it is
12. TNM tumor staging system
- T- tumor size (how big?)
N- nodes (how many nodes?)
M- metastasis (how is it metastasized?)
Higher the grade= cancer is more advanced
13. Chemical carcinogens
- smoking, asbestos, pesticide
14. Physical carcinogens
- viral agents
ALL THE BEST
15. Viral carcinogens
- HPV, epstein barr
16. Dietary carcinogens
- high fat diet
17. Personal carcinogens
- immune function, age, genetics
18. 7 warning signs of cancer
- Change in bowel or bladder habits.
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge.
Thickening or lump in the breast, testicles, or elsewhere.
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.
Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore.
Nagging cough or hoarseness.
19. Specific cancer assessments/screenin
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