EDF 6225 Exam 2|89 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

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EDF 6225 Exam 2|89 Questions with Verified Answers The level of investigation that involves the collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified,classified and examined for possible... relations with other known facts. Often suggests hypothesis or question for additional research - CORRECT ANSWER Description The level of investigation in which functional relations can be derived is - CORRECT ANSWER control The overall goal of _________ is the achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomenon under study - CORRECT ANSWER science This is the assumption upon which science is predicated, the idea that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena occur as the result of other events. - CORRECT ANSWER Determinism This is the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are considered - CORRECT ANSWER Parsimony This is the branch of behavior analysis that focuses on basic research: - CORRECT ANSWER Experimental analysis of behavior The S-R-S model of psychology is also known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Three-term contingency The person is considered to be the founder of experimental analysis of behavior - CORRECT ANSWER B.F. Skinner This is the approach to understanding behavior that assumes that a mental or "inner" dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER Mentalism These events marked the formal beginning of contemporary applied behavior analysis. - CORRECT ANSWER The Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis began publication and "Some Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis" by Baer, Wolf, and Risley was published This is the defining characteristic of behavior analysis hat focuses on investigating socially significant behaviors with immediate importance to the participants - CORRECT ANSWER Applied This is the defining characteristic of applied behavior analysis that demonstrates experimental control over the occurrence and non-occurrence of the behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER Analytic Name of attitude of science - CORRECT ANSWER (DEERPP - determinism, empiricism, experimentation, replication, parsimony, philosophic doubt) What is the philosophy of science of behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER determinism True or False: Radical behaviorism (Skinner) includes and seeks to understand all human behavior - CORRECT ANSWER True List one of the seven defining dimensions of ABA as described by Baer, Wolf, and Risley (1968) - CORRECT ANSWER (GETACAB- generality, effective, technological, applied, conceptual, analytic, behavioral) Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER A dog blinking its eyes after a flash of light is presented The controlling variables or primary importance in applied behavior analysis are located in : - CORRECT ANSWER The environment Two functionally distinct types of behavior important to behavior analysis include: - CORRECT ANSWER respondent and operant behavior Which of the following is considered a property of behavior amenable to measurement? - CORRECT ANSWER Temporal Locus A _________ denotes a set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned that are relevant to particular settings or tasks - CORRECT ANSWER Repertoire Behavior is affected by stimulus changes that occur prior to and immediately after the behavior. The term _____ refers to environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest. - CORRECT ANSWER Antecedent A behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli and is "brought about" by a stimulus that precedes it is: - CORRECT ANSWER Respondent A response is followed by a stimulus change, the effect of which is an increase in the future frequency of behavior. Which type of stimulus-change operation most likely occured? - CORRECT ANSWER Reinforcement Water is an example of a ____ reinforcer, while money is an example of a ______ reinforcer - CORRECT ANSWER unconditioned, conditioned A response is followed by a stimulus change, the effect of which is a decrease in the future frequency of behavior. Which type of stimulus-change operation most likely occurred? - CORRECT ANSWER Punishment A behavior that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions that it does in others - CORRECT ANSWER Discriminative operant Food deprivation may alter the momentary effectiveness of food as a reinforcer. Food deprivation is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER Motivating operation The three term contingency is made of these three terms - CORRECT ANSWER Antecedent - behavior - consequence Answering the door when you hear the doorbell and not when it is silent is an example of behavior being under: - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulus control The term "contingent" as used in behavior analysis refers to the dependent relationship of a particular consequence on the occurrence of behavior and is also used in reference to the _____ contiguity of behavior and its consequences - CORRECT ANSWER Temporal ______ behavior is elicited by antecedent stimuli - CORRECT ANSWER Respondent Conditioned _____ are the product of respondent conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER punishers Operant behavior is selected by its - CORRECT ANSWER consequences Operant conditioning encompasses: - CORRECT ANSWER time and stimuli A teacher wants to deliver a sticker to Johnny every time he says "please". This would be considered positive reinforcement if: - CORRECT ANSWER The behavior of saying "please" increased over time The qualifications to be considered when utilizing positive reinforcement are: - CORRECT ANSWER Delay between response and consequence, stimulus conditions when response was emitted, and strength of motivation Examples of unconditioned reinforcers are: - CORRECT ANSWER food, water, oxygen, warmth, sexual stimulation A neutral stimulus can be made into a reinforcer by: - CORRECT ANSWER pairing is with an unconditioned stimulus Heather hears a phone ring, then picks up the phone. Her husband talks with her over the phone. What is the behavior is the three term contingency - CORRECT ANSWER Heather picks up the phone An example of a motivating operation is: - CORRECT ANSWER Hunger, Hay fever, Argument with significant other Which of the following is not an appropriate way to identify potential reinforcers? - CORRECT ANSWER Pick a stimulus that is reinforcing for someone else Stimulus preference assessment refers to a variety of procedures to determine: - CORRECT ANSWER The stimulus a person prefers, the relative preference values of those stimuli, and the conditions under which those preference values hold What information does a concurrent schedule reinforcer assessment provide? - CORRECT ANSWER Whether or not a stimulus functions as a reinforcer and how effective that stimulus is as a reinforcer compared to other stimuli When two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors, what schedule of reinforcement is in effect? - CORRECT ANSWER Concurrent Which schedule of reinforcer assessment consists of two or more component schedules of reinforcement for a single response with only on component schedule in effect at any given time? - CORRECT ANSWER Multiple The model for predicting whether (a) access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for another behavior based on the relative baseline rates at which each behavior occurs and (b) whether contingent access to one of the behaviors represents a restriction compared to the baseline level of engagement is known as the: - CORRECT ANSWER Response- deprivation hypothesis The response-deprivation hypothesis was built on whose concept? - CORRECT ANSWER Premack List a guideline that is NOT effective for reinforcement? - CORRECT ANSWER choosing reinforcers that are not relevant to the target behavior, using reinforcers of low magnitude, delaying the delivery of a reinforcer, using the same reinforcer over and over again Practitioners increase the effectiveness of positive reinforcement when they attend to the ________ of stimulus presentation. - CORRECT ANSWER arrangement, management, and administration Negative reinforcement can be defined as: Stimulus _______, contingent upon a response which ________ the future probability of that response - CORRECT ANSWER removed, increases Describe a negative reinforcement contingency - CORRECT ANSWER Jo is sitting near a window at Starbucks having a cup of coffee. THe sun is streaming in the window, and it is too warm for Jo - she is beginning to sweat. Jo moves to another chair away from the window where it is shady. The next time Jo goes to Starbucks, she sees the sun shinning in the window again and sits in the chair with the shade instead. Mary Jo decides to implement a negative reinforcement intervention with one of her students, Anjali, to increase the amount of work Anjali completes. Mary Jo tells Anjali, if you complete 15 math problems today (Monday), you don't have to do your math worksheet on Friday. What is one problem that might arise with this intervention? - CORRECT ANSWER The stimulus change following the occurrence of the target behavior is not immediate. The key difference between an escape contingency and an avoidance contingency is: - CORRECT ANSWER In an escape contingency the EO is present prior to the occurrence of the target behavior, while in an avoidance contingency, the EO is not present prior to the occurrence of the target behavior. List an example of free-operant avoidance - CORRECT ANSWER Jackie crosses the street when she sees DOnna come around the corner on the next lock so that she doesn't have to talk to her, Lavonda puts on a bicycle helmet when she rides her bike so that she doesn't hurt her head in the event that she falls off, Nathaniel puts down the hurricane shutters on his Florida home when he hears that a tropical storm is approaching so that his windows do not break. List behaviors that could be maintained by negative reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER completing school work, cleaning a bedroom, tantrums How often should be evaluate preferences? - CORRECT ANSWER often We do not reinforce _______ we reinforce ______ - CORRECT ANSWER people, behavior Describe positive punishment - CORRECT ANSWER The presentation of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior Describe negative punishment - CORRECT ANSWER The removal of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior Describe recovery from punishment - CORRECT ANSWER after punishment is discontinued, sometimes the behavior that experienced the punishment contingency will recover Which of the following is not a factor that influences the effectiveness of punishment listed in the chapter? - CORRECT ANSWER variation (immediacy, intensity, and schedule DO effect) The use of a punishment procedure may cause unwanted side effects to appear. THe chapter presents several side effects associated with the use of punishment. Which of the following is not a side effect listed in the chapter? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased self-esteem (undesirable emotional responses, avoidance and escape, and increased rate of problem behavior ARE side effects) Peter was walking along the fence of his uncles dairy farm. Peter reached up and grabbed the wire along the fence, not realizing it was electrified. After recovering from the pain caused by the shock, Peter never again touched the fence wires. Which statement best describes the shock stimulus felt by Peter? - CORRECT ANSWER Positive punishment Describe positive punishment - CORRECT ANSWER The delivery of a stimulus, following a behavior, which decreases the liklihood that the behavior will occur again Describe response blocking - CORRECT ANSWER Physically intervening as soon as the student behings to emit a problem behavior to prevent the completion of the response. What are recommended guidelines for the use of punishment? - CORRECT ANSWER conduct punisher assessment, use the least intensity of punishment that is effective, deliver the punisher immediately Carr and Lovaas (1983) recommended that practitioners experience any punisher personally before the treatment begins for what reason? - CORRECT ANSWER It reminds the practitioner that the technique produces physical discomfort During a math game every time a student shouted out an answer before being called on that student was placed in the penalty box and not allowed to participate for two questions. This is an example of which time-out procedure? - CORRECT ANSWER contingent observation A punishment procedure has been put in place for Carlos. Whenever he swears in the class his teacher says "Carlos, swearing is not allowed in this classroom" and he is escorted to the time-out room where he has to stay for a least five minutes. His teacher has used the procedure for three weeks and his swearing has not decreased at all. What is the problem in this example? - CORRECT ANSWER The time-out room is not functioning as punishment Before implementing a contingent observation program for cuttin gin line at the drinking fountain, Mrs. Salkey made sure to send a note home to guardians telling them about the program and asking the guardians to contact her if there were any objections. In addition she checked with her principal to make sure she was following the school-wide behavior management program. Which part of using time - out effectively does this example best exemplify? - CORRECT ANSWER obtaining permission When implementing a contingent observation program for cutting in line at the drinking fountain, Mrs. Salkey made sure to provide lots of tokens for students who waited their turn. Which part of using time-out effectively does this example best exemplify? - CORRECT ANSWER reinforce and enrich the time-in environment When implementing the contingent observation program, Mrs. Salkey kept a record of each student who cut in line every day for one week. By Friday there were no students who cut in line. Which part of using time-out effectively does this example best exemplify? - CORRECT ANSWER evaluate effectiveness Mrs. Salkey used tokens for waiting along with a contingent observation program. This approach best exemplifies: - CORRECT ANSWER combined approaches Mr. Marley docks the class one minute of extra recess time every time he has to say "people quiet down please". This best exemplifies which response cost method? - CORRECT ANSWER using a response cost with a group In addition to using a response cost with an entire group Mr. Marley is also using which procedure? - CORRECT ANSWER Bonus response cost Mrs. Webb uses a response-cost procedure in which a student loses all points toward participation in a monthly pizza party any time he or she says "shut up" to another student. As a result, whenever students lose their points, they say "shut up" more often. What is the problem? - CORRECT ANSWER The magnitude of the fine is too great Ratio schedules require a ________ of responses before one response produces reinforcement. Interval schedules require an elapse of ____ before a response produces reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER number, time Ratio strain is a result of ______ increases in ratio ________ What are some of the characteristics of ratio strain> - CORRECT ANSWER abrupt, requirements (aggression, escape) Every time Baxter raised his hand in class, Mrs. Tulley called on him. What schedule of reinforcement is Baxter's hand raising on? - CORRECT ANSWER continuous reinforcement Timmy has just recently begun clearing his plate after he finishes his meal. Timmy's mother really likes this new behavior and would like to see more of it. Which schedule of reinforcement should Timmy's mother use to strengthen Timmy's new behavior of clearing his plate? - CORRECT ANSWER continuous reinforcement Which schedule of reinforcement occurs when two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors? - CORRECT ANSWER concurrent schedules of reinforcement Which schedule of reinforcement presents two or more basic schedules of reinforcement in an alternating (usually random) sequence usually occurring successively and independently with no correlated discriminative stimuli? - CORRECT ANSWER mixed schedules of reinforcement Which schedule of reinforcement produces a post-reinforcement pause? - CORRECT ANSWER fixed ratio To gradually reduce a high-frequency behavior, which schedule of reinforcement is the most appropriate? - CORRECT ANSWER differential reinforcement of low rates of responding Schedule thinning refers to: - CORRECT ANSWER gradually increasing the response ratio or the duration of the time interval Common behavioral characteristics associated with ________ include avoidance, aggression, and unpredictable pauses in responding - CORRECT ANSWER ratio strain When the frequency of a time-filling behavior increases as a side effect of other behavior maintained by a schedule of reinforcement, this is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER schedule induced The Matching Law - Rate of responding typically is ______ to the rate of _____ received from each choice alternative - CORRECT ANSWER proportional, reinforcement [Show More]

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