Anthropology > LECTURE SLIDES/NOTES > ANTH 160 A1EXAM 4 LECTURE 17 (All)

ANTH 160 A1EXAM 4 LECTURE 17

Document Content and Description Below

ANTH 160 A1EXAM 4 LECTURE 17 Lecture 17: Mediterranean Civilizations  What is one of the main differences in the development of complex societies in comparison to the other regions that we have ... looked at so far? All interconnected Mobile Mediterranean Hittites (1650-1200 BC)  Where was the Hittite kingdom? Boghazköy  capital (nowadays Turkey, near Black Sea) -royal archives  Whose downfall did they cause? Who else were they fighting with? - Brought down old Babylonian empire - Egyptians vs. Hittites (Ramses’ II version) - Treaty of Kadesh Phoenicians (1100-800 BC)  Who were the Phoenicians?  Where did they originate? Many theories: Lebanon and Egypt; Canaan? - maritime traders - Phoenician Alphabet (ca. 1100 BC) - by 800BC colonies in the southern Mediterranean Carthaginian Empire (Phoenicians) (814-146 BC) Carthage capital in Roman times three Punic Wars (264-241BC; 218-201 BC; 149-146 BC) Hannibal (2nd Punic War) 146 BC Carthage finally destroyed by Rome Early Bronze Age (3200-2100 BC) Crete: Early Minoan/Pre-Palatial Period copper development of more hierarchical society differential treatment of the dead some have valuable grave goods è gold mostly small villages, but increase in settlement size è earliest settlement at Knossos Minoan Civilization: Palace Period (2100-1450 BC) First Palace Period (Middle Minoan) 2100-1700 BC Second Palace Period (Late Minoan) 1700-1450 BC - Knossos, Frescoes, Second Palace Period  What was the layout of a Minoan palace? What was its function? Large palaces  What was the political system? Monarch: king, priests, scribes, officials Writing System: - Hieroglyphic c. 2000 BC, First Palace Period - Linear A Second Palace Period - Linear B Third Palace Period, Myceneans (c. 1450-1200 BC)  Which of these writing systems has been deciphered? Hieroglyphics - Craft Specialization - Ideology?  Ritual rooms and peak sanctuaries  seafaring wide influence in the Mediterranean, e.g., Minoan pottery in Lower Egypt - by ca, 1450BC all major palaces and villas except Knossos destroyed and abandoned  apparently taken over by the Mycenaeans The Mycenaeans (1600-1050 BC)  Where were they located? Greece - start in Second Palace Period - major centers, among others, Mycenae, Tiryns, Pylos - heavily fortified citadels and lower towns  e.g., Mycenae, in 1300BC cyclopean walls - palaces  How are they different from Minoan palaces? - shaft graves (1500s BC) - Linear B - economic system: bipartite (a first group worked in the orbit of the palace, while another was self-employed) - craft specialization: textiles, metallurgy, perfume - technology: vases, chain of production in factories  What were their exterior relations? How were Mycenaean good distributed? Egypt, Sicily. Nodules carrying an ideogram representing an ox - Uluburun shipwreck  What was in the cargo? • Raw materials for trade, royal gifts - around 1200 BC palaces destroyed Postpalatial Period (1200-1050 BC) political disintegration and decline time period that is mentioned in later Greek legendary accounts è e.g. Homer’s Illiad [Show More]

Last updated: 3 years ago

Preview 1 out of 3 pages

Buy Now

Instant download

We Accept: