Walden University - COUN 6215 Week 2 Quiz-Lifespan Development.

QUESTION 1 Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to Piaget’s theory? Piaget firmly believed that children who were at a particular stage of cognitive development had the same level of understa ...

QUESTION 1 Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to Piaget’s theory? Piaget firmly believed that children who were at a particular stage of cognitive development had the same level of understanding in all areas, such as understanding causality, morality, agency, etc. Piaget believed in the dynamic quality of stages and understood that children in the same stage could vary greatly in their specific understanding of causality, morality, and so forth. Piaget believed that children could vary in their understanding of morality but that their understanding of causality was the same for all children within a particular stage. Piaget believed that children’s progress through the stages could vary. For example, very intelligent children could skip a stage. QUESTION 2 Gisela is a 6-year-old Peruvian girl who lives with her family on a farm in a rural village. She often helps her father take produce to a market to sell. She does not know how to read, but she understands the cost of items and can make change without errors. Sophie is a 6-year-old who lives in the US. She is in the 1st grade, is making great progress in learning to read and write, and is gaining skill in computer use. What is the best way to explain the development of these two children? The processes involved in cognitive development are similar across cultures, but the specific kinds of knowledge acquired may differ depending upon children’s culture. The progression of cognitive development is not universal; it is different for children in different cultures. Cognitive development is the same for all children, regardless of culture The content of children’s knowledge is similar across cultures, but the processes involved in cognitive development differ depending upon children’s culture. QUESTION 3 One epigenetic change that can affect the expression of a gene is methylation, which is the effect of hormones on DNA the subtraction of an organic molecule from DNA the addition of an organic molecule to DNA the addition of RNA to DNA https://www.coursehero.com/file/67205230/Week-2-Quiz-Lifespan-Developmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com QUESTION 4 Mrs. Washington is conducting her weekly group counseling session for single young adults. Karen, a lonely young professional woman, talks about feeling abandoned by her boyfriend. The other group members listen patiently and respond empathically. Mrs. Washington reflects Karen’s feeling with concern and sensitivity. What would operant learning theory predict about Karen’s behavior in the next group session? Karen will not self-disclose because she fears the group will lose patience. Karen will be embarrassed about her past self-disclosures and feel anxious about speaking up. Karen will not self-disclose because her problems have been resolved. Karen will speak openly because she has previously received attention and support. QUESTION 5 Bea is the mother of 4-month-old Alex. She has been depressed since Alex’s birth and is frequently withdrawn. Brain research indicates that, in comparison to other infants his age, Alex will have more rapid brain development. brain activation patterns indicating overall reduced activity. brain activation patterns resembling those of fearful and inhibited children. nothing unusual about his brain activation patterns. QUESTION 6 Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing fetus? Ancient Greeks believed in teratogens, but modern science has been unable to identify any. The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development during exposure. A teratogen will usually have the same effect regardless of how much exposure the fetus has to that teratogen. Any given teratogen usually has the same effect regardless of when in prenatal development exposure occurs. QUESTION 7 Infants form multiple attachments, to both mother and father and perhaps to a sibling, grandparent, and so on. Which of the following statements is most consistent with available data on the impact of these attachments? The primary attachment (usually with the mother) is the only one that is predictive of later development. No data are available. The good effects of a secure attachment with one parent are canceled by the bad effects of an insecure attachment with the other parent. More than one secure attachment adds value, serving as a further protective factor. https://www.coursehero.com/file/67205230/Week-2-Quiz-Lifespan-Developmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com QUESTION 8 Which cognitive achievement underlies a baby’s ability to form an attachment to a specific adult, like a parent or other caregiver? Code switching. Agency. Object permanence. Conservation. QUESTION 9 The quality of a children’s attachments has been found to affect whether children achieve major motor milestones. children’s social anxiety, but not their response to stress. how children respond to new social situations. children’s temperamental responses. QUESTION 10 Complete the following analogy: geneotype is to phenotype as gene is to chromosome code is to expression DNA is to RNA night is to day QUESTION 11 The belief that individuals create their own knowledge by interpreting new experience in the light of past experience is a fundamental proposition of behaviorism. constructivism. transactionalism. rationalism. https://www.coursehero.com/file/67205230/Week-2-Quiz-Lifespan-Developmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com QUESTION 12 A kitten whose eyes are covered during the first months of its life loses the ability to see clearly in ways that would have been possible without the loss of early visual stimulation. This effect remains despite later attempts to remediate the loss. This is an example of which of the following? Critical period. Behavior genetics. Plasticity. Visual demand. QUESTION 13 A counselor works with Mrs. Jacobs, who has a 1-month-old daughter. Mrs. Jacobs finds her daughter intense, demanding and hard to soothe. Most likely, this is because her baby has a significant medical problem her baby has been spoiled by too much attention. her baby has formed an insecure attachment with her mother. her baby has a more difficult temperament. QUESTION 14 Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and nurture? Is nurture the most important determinant of developmental change? How do we explain the mechanisms by which nature and nurture interact to affect development? Is nature the most important determinant of developmental change? Why is nurture most influential at certain developmental periods? QUESTION 15 Counselors who work with young children to enhance their mental health should take an active role in becoming an attachment figure for the young child. creating therapeutic experiences for the child that teach self-monitoring. providing the child with group exposure to other children of the same age. providing support and information for parents. https://www.coursehero.com/file/67205230/Week-2-Quiz-Lifespan-Developmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com QUESTION 16 When clinicians assess a client’s presenting problem(s) in order to plan for treatment, which of the following approaches to diagnosis reflects a developmental viewpoint? Count the number of symptoms currently manifested in order to reach a specific diagnosis. Consider those issues in a client’s life which result from multifinality. Assess the nature of the problem by considering the person’s unique history, interpersonal context, and challenges in the extrapersonal environment. Assess the person’s level of symptomology on a checklist and assign a diagnosis only when a certain percentile has been reached. QUESTION 17 The available data indicate that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy has which of the following effects on the fetus? Causes long term psychopathology No effects Is related to newborn hyperactivity and irritability Arouses the fetus’s own stress response temporarily, but has no lasting effects QUESTION 18 When Tamara responds to the crying of her 4-month-old baby, Jessie, she tries to figure out what has caused the baby’s distress (hunger, wet diaper, etc.) while making soothing sounds and holding the baby. Tamara’s actions are ____________ Jessie’s developing emotion regulation abilities. irrelevant to blocking disorganizing scaffolding QUESTION 19 Which of the following is the best example of neuroplasticity? Fetal brains grow quickly, increasing in weight over the course of pregnancy. The 3-year-old’s brain is approximately three-fourths of its adult size. Cells from the hippocampus are instrumental in encoding memories. Neurons that are transplanted from the auditory cortex to the visual cortex begin to perceive light. https://www.coursehero.com/file/67205230/Week-2-Quiz-Lifespan-Developmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com QUESTION 20 Models of development which hold that change typically occurs in shifts between periods of relative stability and periods of disequilibrium are called incremental models. information-processing models. stage models. multidimensional model. QUESTION 21 Sam is at home with his two children, 3-year-old Daria and 6-week-old Keith. Sam is reading a story to Daria when baby Keith wakes up and screams for his bottle. Daria gets very upset when Sam leaves her to tend to the baby. Sam tries to explain to his daughter that her baby brother can’t wait, but Daria continues to insist. Sam is concerned that Daria is not accepting her new baby brother. Based on your understanding of preschoolers cognitive development, what would you tell Sam? Daria is probably exhibiting separation distress which is normal for children her age. Daria is probably exhibiting normal cognitive egocentrism because she cannot fully understand the needs of another person yet. Daria is probably exhibiting a failure to show empathy and needs more training in this area. Daria is probably exhibiting a stress response that suggests the family may need some counseling. QUESTION 22 The idea that children’s development is affected by biological factors, and that biological factors are also affected by the environment and experience, is part of social learning theories multidimensional systems theories developmental stage theories incremental developmental theories https://www.coursehero.com/file/67205230/Week-2-Quiz-Lifespan-Developmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com QUESTION 23 Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18-month-old Bryce, is concerned that Bryce has not learned to speak very well. He has a limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has read several child development books which indicate that Bryce should be in the stage of language learning. Mrs. Harmon fears that Bryce is not keeping up developmentally. Based on your understanding of the timing of developmental stages, what would be your best advice? Since Bryce appears developmentally delayed, he should be referred immediately for a speech and language evaluation. Developmental stages can be useful guidelines, but there is a range of normal development within stages. Don’t pay attention to developmental milestones and treat each child as an individual. Mrs. Harmon should use exercises such as flashcards with Bryce to increase his knowledge of vocabulary. QUESTION 24 In Bowlby’s attachment theory, which of the following represents a primary outcome of the formation of attachments in infancy? A sense of the power structure of a family. A belief in God. Basic trust in others, but not a sense of self or of relationships. A working model of self, of others, and of relationships. QUESTION 25 The epigenome is the full set of factors, from the cell to the outside world that controls the expression of recessive genes. the zygote. histones. hereditary material. https://www.coursehero.com/file/67205230/Week-2-Quiz-Lifespan-Developmentdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)