NUR 2032 Basic Final Exam Study Guide/Basic Final Exam Study Guide –2020  Mental Health ATI chapters 2, 5, & 12

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NUR 2032 Basic Final Exam Study Guide/Basic Final Exam Study Guide –2020  Mental Health ATI chapters 2, 5, & 12  KEY TERMS, KEY TERMS, KEY TERMS! Ch 1: Health Care Delivery and Evidence-b ... ased Nursing Practice  What is the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs? o Give some examples of needs in each level of the hierarchy o Which level of need is the highest priority? Ch 2: Community-based Nursing Practice  When evaluating the home environment, what should the nurse be alert to as far as the physical facilities, safety hazards, and safety factors? (Chart 2-3)  Know the levels of preventative care and give examples of each. Ch 3: Critical Thinking, Ethical Decision Making, & the Nursing Process  What is the difference between a moral dilemma, moral distress, moral integrity, a moral problem, moral uncertainty, and morality? (Hint: KEY TERMS)  Know each step of the nursing process and how to implement each step of the process Ch 4: Health Education & Health Promotion  What are some factors that can influence a person’s readiness to learn? o Give some examples of questions you can ask to assess readiness to learn. Ch 5: Adult Health & Nutritional Assessment  Know your head-to-toe assessment (be able to anatomically identify where you will palpate each pulse, where you will listen for each heart sound, where you will auscultate over the lung fields, etc.)  When assessing a patient’s self-concept, what are some signs and symptoms of abuse? o What is the best way to approach the topic of abuse with a patient you suspect is being abused? Why? Ch 6: Individual & Family Homeostasis  Describe the Hypothalmic-Pituitary Response o Discuss some important teaching points for Diabetic patients under stress as it relates to the Hypothalmic-Pituitary Response (How would you explain this difficult concept to a patient in ley terms?)Ch 8: Genetics & Genomics  Discuss and describe the patterns of Mendelian Inheritance (Table 8-2) o What are the chances of inheriting each type of disorder? (Hint: Punnett squares and the cystic fibrosis example we discussed in class) Ch 9: Chronic Illness & Disability  Describe the different phases in the Trajectory Model of Chronic Illness. (Table 9-2) o How does the focus of nursing care change during each of these phases?  What is the significance of “people-first” language? Ch 10: Rehabilitation  Know the definition and description of each of the stages in the development of pressure injuries as listed in Chart 10-7  What dietary teaching might you give a patient with a pressure injury to promote healing?  Discuss risk factors for pressure injuries (Chart 10-6) Ch 11: Care of the Older Adult  Briefly discuss age-related changes affecting each body system (with particular attention to Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Musculoskeletal) Chapter 12: Pain  List some of the most common adverse effects from Tylenol. From NSAIDS? From Opioids?  Describe the process of transduction. o Describe the process of transmission. o Describe the process of perception. o Define the term “modulation”. Chapter 13: Fluids and Electrolytes  What are the normal references ranges of the 7 electrolytes? Na+ 135-145 K+ 3.5-4.5 Cal- 8-10 Mag_ 1.5-2.5 Chl-_ 97-107 Bicarb_22-26Phosphate_ 2-4  What are the normal reference ranges for ABGs? o Ph: ___7.35-7.45________ o PaCO2: ____45-35_______ o HCO3: ____22-26________ (you already memorized this for electrolytes. Yay!)  What are the signs and symptoms of hypervolemia? Hypovolemia?  List the clinical manifestations of: o Hyper/hypo natremia o Hyper/hypo kalemia o Hyper/hypo calcemia o Hyper/hypo magnesemia o Hyper/hypo phosphatemia o Hyper/hypo chloremia Chapter 15: Pts with Oncologic Disorders  Describe the characteristics of malignant cells (this seems like it would make a great SATA question…. Chapter 16: End-of-Life  Compare and contrast palliative care vs hospice care.  Prepare a teaching plan about the signs of approaching death for a family who is preparing to take their terminally ill loved one home for comfort care. Chapter 17: Pre-op Nursing  List the different classifications of surgery and some examples of each.  Patient teaching is especially important during the pre-operative phase. Discuss some important topics to address during patient teaching and your rationale for addressing those topics. (Example: incentive spirometer, SCDs, etc) Chapter 18: Intraop Nursing  The surgical nurse must be aware of and monitor the patient for potential intraoperative complications which may include: o Discuss special considerations for the elderly population Chapter 19: Post-op Nursing Hint: Don’t forget your ABC’s! Ch 20: Assessment of Resp Function  What is the difference between tidal volume and vital capacity?  Define the different adventitious lung sounds. Physiologically, what causes them? What conditions are associated with these abnormal lung sounds? o Wheezing o Ronchi o Crackles o Stridor Ch 21: Resp Care Modalities  Respiratory care modalities are especially important for patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Preoperative teaching is critical for reducing the risk of atelectasis, pneumonia and infection. What are some important educational notes the nurse will be sure to include for these patients? Ch 22: Mgmt of Patients with Upper Resp Tract Disorders  Continuous nursing observation is required in the immediate post-op recovery phase for patients undergoing tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. What are some nursing interventions you might expect to implement for these patients? Ch 23: Mgmt of Patients with Chest and Lower Resp Disorders  Describe the pathophysiology of hypoxemia: what are the early signs vs the late signs and why? (You can also find information about this in Ch 24 – Asthma) Ch 24: Mgmt of Patients with Chronic Pulm Disease  Describe the steps for proper use of a Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) that you would teach a patient who has just been prescribed one for the first time. (Hint: There is a helpful video in ATI within the Med Admin 2 module that describes these steps in detail)  What are some clinical manifestations of COPD that you might find during your assessment? (Breathing pattern, skin, chest, neuro status, etc) Ch 25: Assess. Of Cardiovascular Funct.  Would you expect afterload to be increased by venous or arterial vasoconstriction?  What teaching would you be sure to provide your patient prior to an exercise stress test? o A pharmacologic stress test?  What is included in a cardiac enzyme study? o What do each of these enzymes and proteins tell us about the condition of the heart? (Hint: this topic is discussed in more detail in Ch 27)Ch 27: Mgmt of Patients with Coronary Vascular Disorders  What is the cause of Angina? o How can we differentiate between stable angina and MI?  If you had a patient come through the doors of the ED complaining of chest pain, what’s the first thing you would do? o What does the acronym “MONA” stand for, and why is each medication recommended in the initial stages of an MI? Ch 30: Assess. & Mgmt of Patients with Vascular disorders and Problems of Peripheral Circulation  What discharge instructions would you give to a patient newly diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease? (PAD) o How would you instruct patients to safely use heat for promotion of vasodilation? Ch 31: Assess. & Mgmt of Patients with Htn  What contributes to the increase in blood pressure that occurs with old age? (Describe structural and functional changes) Ch 32: Assess. Of Hematologic Funct. & Treatment Modalities  What are some of the symptoms of a hemolytic transfusion reaction? o What is the FIRST thing you would do if your patient started having symptoms of a transfusion reaction? Ch 33: Mgmt of Patients with Nonmalignant Hematologic Disorders  List some important teaching points you would want to include in the education plan for a patient at risk for bleeding who is about to be discharged home.  Describe the pathophysiology of aplastic anemia. Ch 34: Mgmt of Patients with Hematologic Neoplasms  How is AML treated? o What are patients being treated for AML most at risk for? o What are some priority precautions to take to reduce these risks as much as possible? Ch 35: Assess of Immune Function  Discuss the action of the different types of white blood cells. o What process would you suspect if neutrophil levels (or neutrophil bands) were elevated? o If eosinophils were elevated? o If basophils were elevated?Ch 36: Mgmt of Pts with Immune Deficiency Disorders  Discuss the gastrointestinal manifestations of patients with HIV/AIDS and a decreased CD4-Tcell count. o Oncologic manifestations? o Respiratory manifestations? o Neurologic manifestations?  What are the recommendations for standard precautions for reducing the risks of the spread of infection? Ch 37: Assess. & Mgmt of Pts with Allergic Disorders  Which immune globulins are typically involved in allergic reactions? o What diagnostic test is used to detect elevated levels of this immune globulin?  What are some benefits of second-generation antihistamines over first generation antihistamines for treating allergic rhinitis? Ch 38: Assess. & Mgmt of Pts with Rheumatic Disorders  Discuss the pharmacologic therapy for gout.  What are the primary treatment and nursing care goals for patients with osteoarthritis? Ch 39: Assess. Of Musculoskeletal Function  Discuss nursing interventions following an arthroscopy Ch 40: Musculoskeletal Care Modalities  What is a priority assessment by the nurse for a patient in a cast, splint, or brace?  What is a priority assessment by the nurse for a patient who has just undergone any type of orthopedic surgery? Ch 41: Mgmt of Pts with Musculoskeletal Disorders  What is the cornerstone of therapy for Paget’s disease? (List some of the most common drugs in this class).  How is the Tinel sign elicited? How are the results interpreted? Ch 43: Assess. Of Digestive & GI Function  Know the anatomy of the GI system Ch 44: Digestive & GI Treatment Modalities  What are the reasons for GI intubation? o Which of the above reasons would apply for an obstruction? o For a poisoning? o Following abdominal surgery? o Temporary alteration in ability to swallow? TPN o Why is it used? o What type of line is it administered through? o Where should it be stored when not in use? o What should be substituted in case the TPN runs out or must be stopped for any reason? o When/how are fat emulsions administered? o How often does the tubing need to be changed? o What will you teach a patient going home with it? Ch 45: Mgmt of Patients with Oral & Esophageal Disorders  Describe some lifestyle / dietary modifications that would be recommended for a patient with GERD? o Are there any differing recommendations for patients with hiatal hernia? Ch 46: Mgmt of Patients with Gastric & Duodenal Disorders  What are the signs and symptoms of a perforated ulcer? o What is the treatment? o Discuss priority GI post-op assessments Ch 47: Mgmt of Patients with Intestinal & Rectal Disorders  What is the most common and potentially most serious complication from diarrhea?  Describe the similarities and differences between Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis o Discuss potential complications of each. Ch 48: Assess. & Mgmt of Patients with Obesity  Discuss risk factors for obesity (including medication classes that contribute to weight gain)  Discuss the classification for overweight and obesity in relation to BMI range. Ch 51: Assess. & Mgmt of Patients with Diabetes  Describe the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia as well as the pathophysiological processes that cause these symptoms. o Discuss the management of hypoglycemia.  Commit this to memory: Table 51-3. Ch 52: Assess. & Mgmt of Patients with Endocrine Disorders  Describe the pathophysiology of and treatment options for: o Addison’s disease o SIADH o Cushing Syndrome Describe physical manifestations o DI  How will you know if treatment is successful? Chapter 53: Kidney and Urinary Function  Know the normal values for specific gravity, creatinine level, and BUN. o What is the purpose of these tests?  Discuss how the kidneys regulate water excretion o Electrolyte excretion o Acid-base balance o Blood pressure o Red blood cell production Ch 60: Assessment of Integumentary Function  Review Table 60-2 (in conjunction with your Integumentary Assignment on Google Docs) o Know the descriptions of the lesions in this table Ch 61: Mgmt of Patients with Dermatologic Disorders  Discuss some possible nursing diagnoses for a patient diagnosed with psoriasis. o Describe the medical management Ch 63: Assess. & Mgmt of Pts with Eye and Vision Disorders  Describe the clinical manifestations of cataracts.  What would be the result of glaucoma that is left untreated? o Describe vision changes that may signify glaucoma. o What causes glaucoma? o Will vision be restored with treatment? Ch 64: Assess. & Mgmt of Pts with Hearing & Balance Disorders  What are the characteristic symptoms of Meniere’s Disease? o What safety measures might you implement for a patient with Meniere’s Disease admitted to the hospital?  What are some medications that can have ototoxic effects? o Is the hearing loss caused by these drugs reversible Chapter 65: Neurologic Function  Cranial Nerve videos in case you want to watch them again: o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAFaTaavmO8 o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_m3a1Xg3wqYo You must know the numbers, names, functions, types, and the proper ways of testing each of the cranial nerves.  Discuss important considerations post lumbar puncture o How can you prevent or resolve a post-lumbar puncture headache? Chapter 69: Neurologic Infections, Autoimmune Disorders, and Neuropathies  What is the difference between Multiple sclerosis and Myasthenia gravis? o Discuss the management of Myasthenic crisis  Describe the Brudzinski sign o The Kernig sign Ch 55: Mgmt of Patients w/ Urinary Disorders  Discuss nursing interventions and patient teaching for a diagnosis of urolithiasis  Develop a teaching plan for a patient going home with a new ileal conduit.  Discuss gerontologic considerations for UTI o Discuss patient teaching to prevent UTI Ch 56: Female Physiologic Processes  Describe the clinical manifestations of ectopic pregnancy.  Discuss the elements of annual screening recommended for women 21 and older.  What are some medications that may help with female infertility?  Discuss the most effective methods of contraception Ch 58: Patients w/ Breast Disorders  Discuss post-operative care for patients undergoing mastectomy. o What psychosocial nursing diagnoses might you consider for these patients?  Discuss patient teaching regarding benign cystic breast conditions.  Develop a teaching plan for breast self-examinations.  Discuss the risk factors for lymphedema Ch 59: Patients with Male Reproductive Disorders  Develop a teaching plan for a patient who is newly prescribed sildenafil (Viagra)  What important points would you include in the teaching regarding testicular selfexamination  Discuss the various psychogenic and organic causes of erectile dysfunction  Discuss important post-op teaching for patient undergoing surgery for testicular cancer Ch 71: Pts with Infectious Diseases  Review Chart 71-2  Discuss the various factors contributing to emerging infectious diseases What is the BEST method of infection prevention? 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