HIEU 201
Page 1 of 9
HIEU 201 TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE NEW
TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE
As you read and prepare for the test, use the questions below to guide you. Use this study guide
to review on a daily basis, and also feel free
...
HIEU 201
Page 1 of 9
HIEU 201 TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE NEW
TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE
As you read and prepare for the test, use the questions below to guide you. Use this study guide
to review on a daily basis, and also feel free to use it on the open-book/open-notes test at the end
of the module/week.
Textbook
Chapter 1:
1. What was the first civilization and where was it located?
The first civilization was Mespotamia located between Tigris and Euphrates
River
-Egyptian located between Nile River
-
2. Recognize the legacies of the following:
a. Sumer – Semitic tongue – transformed swamps into field of barlety and date
palms, invented cuneiform (pictograms and sign language), invented thew hell,
the plough, irrigation, sailing boats, the keel (p. 10).
b. Mesopotamia -
c. Egypt
d. Phoenicians - phonetic alphabet, purple dye
e. Assyrians
f. Persia - Political unity – divided into small divisions with local governments
Economic unity – weights and measure, common coinage for trade
Universal language – Aramaic based on the Phonecian alphabet, enhanced
trade and commerce
Paved way for cosmopolitan society – brought together all near east peoples
3. What was the central belief of Mesopotamians regarding purpose?
The central belief was believed that their king was an instrument
chosen by the gods to rule. The gods transmitted their laws to
the people through the kings, and thus, in Mesopotamian
societies, the kings were often also priests.
4. What was the Epic of Gilgamesh? Why was it significant?
The Epic of Gilgamesh, penned a hundred years earlier, is the
oldest written document, and lays out much of Mesopotamian
philosophy and beliefs, though it is not a religious text.HIEU 201
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5. Be able to explain the Law Code of Hammurabi and its significance. Understand some
basics regarding Mesopotamian law and justice.
Before Hammurabi conquered Akkad and started to consolidate
the Old Babylonian Empire.
Mesopotamian laws were transmitted by word of mouth but
were never written down. Hammurabi codified and inscribed all
the laws of the land, giving us the first written law code around
1790 BC. This was possibly up to 500 years before Moses
received the 10 Commandments.
Two things stand out in this ancient law code
– the prevalence of the death penalty for many offenses which
would be considered misdemeanors today
– and the differing penalties, not based on the weight of the
crime, but rather on the social status of the criminal and victim.
6. What was the role of environment and geography in the beliefs of Mesopotamians and
Egyptians?
Most early civilizations rose up near water – either rivers or
coastal regions. This is because water provided both
sustenance and an easy method of transportation.
7. Understand the role of pharaoh in Egyptian civilization. Be able to contrast this to
Mesopotamian rulers.
The pharaoh claimed to be a god as well, using this to establish
authority over the land, and as a god, he was expected to mete
out justice and law for the people under him. Unlike the
Mesopotamian kings, the pharaoh was above the law and ruled
with supreme power.
Mesopotamians believed that their king was an instrument
chosen by the gods to rule. The gods transmitted their laws to
the people through the kings, and thus, in Mesopotamian
societies, the kings were often also priests.
8. Who was Hatshepsut of Egypt? Be able to explain the importance of her reign.
Hatsheput of Egypt was the daughter of Thutmose I and a female
pharaoh who served after her husband died and husband son was too
young to reign. Her reign was important because it promoted externalHIEU 201
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building projects, including her royal tomb, trading expeditions
particularly by land in Punt. From their expeditions they obtained
myrrh and frankincense, precious resins and perfumer. These treasure
increased the prestige of the female pharaoh. Page 20
9. Who was considered one of Egypt’s greatest pharaohs?
One of Egypt’s greatest pharaohs Ramesses II (page 21)
10. Who was Cyrus the Great and why was he significant?
Cyrus the Great helped to conquer all lands between the Nile in Egypt and the
Indus River in India which took 25 years from 550-525 BC. Chaldean Empire was
torn by civil war and threatened by a new Power – the Persians (p. 24).
11. How was Zoroastrianism different from other Near Eastern religions?
Zoroastrianism was different from other Near Eastern religions because it was
named for its founder, the Persian prophet Zarathustra (Zoroaster in Greek) who
probably lived in the sixth century. (p. 25). The religion taught belief in Ahura
Mazda- the wise lord- the eternal god of light, the creator of the universe, the
emobidment of justice, wisdom, goodness, and immortality.
It was differenct because it rejected magic, polytheism, and blood sacrifies instead it
stressed ethics. (p. 25-26)
12. Define and understand the term mythopoeic.
Mythopoeic was inherited by the Mesoptamians and Eqyptians from their ancestors
with a variety of commuanally produced imagery, rituals, and tales accouting for
the origin of the world and human life.
The use myth new and old to resolve questions that today we try to answer with
science. It is consider humanity’s first way of thinking and was the earliest attempt
to explan the beginnings of the unverse and human histriy (p. 27)
Chapter 2:
13. Understand the key differences between Hebrews and Near Eastern neighbors (law,
religious beliefs, social customs).
Law – Hebrews (10 commandments Gods law) Near Eastern (Pharaoh laws)
Religious beliefs – Hebrews (theorcracy) Near Eastern (mythopoeic)
Social Customs -HIEU 201
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14. Where did the Hebrews originate?
The Hebrews originate from Mesopotamia in the land of Ur and migrated to
Canaan (p. 32).
15. Who were the important kings of Israel, and why?
The important kings of Isarel where Saul (charismatic hero), David ( a gifted
warrior and poet), Solomon (Israel experienced a cultural flowering, height of its
power and prosperity & tax policies and his favored treatment of the region of
Judah) p. 34
16. There were two periods of captivity for the Israelites. Recognize them, when they
occurred and how they were different.
The two periods of captivity for the Isralites are in 722 B.C. defeated by the
Assyrians who deported many Hebres to other parts of the Assyrian Empire. (they
lost their identity as the peole who made a covenant with God
The chaldeans conquered Judah in 586 B.C. conquering Judah, destroyed
Solomon’s temple, devasted the land and deported several thoughs Hebrews to
Babylon. (Punishment for violating God’s laws, Hebrews darkest moments,
thousand died, executed or had fled to Egypt) p.34-35)
17. How did Hebrews view man and his moral autonomy?
Hebrew view man as being created in the image of God and his more autonomy as
being unique, qualiatily differenct from the rest of animate naute. (p. 38).
18. What was the covenant and law? How did this define the Hebrew nation?
The covenant and law is God’s special agreement with the Hebrew people. This
cause the Hebrew people to see themselves as a unique nation, as a chosen people for
God had given them special honer, a profound opportunity and as they never forget
and awesome responsibility (p. 39-40). Ten commandments
19. How did Jewish law and society view women?
The Jewish law and society view women as subordinate, wife were their husbands
mast and she often addressed him as a servant or subject would speak to a superior.
They were not allowed to witness in courand played a lesser role than men in
organized worship. (p. 41).
20. What was the role of the prophets in Hebrew history?
The role of the prophers were they acted as God’s messengers, they believed God
speak to them and legitimated their words (p. 41-42).
21. Recognize the legacy of social justice for Western Civilization and consider its place in
the Old Testament.HIEU 201
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The legacy of social justice for Western civilization is the attacking of oppression,
cruelty, greed, and exploitation, the classical prophets added a new dimension to
israel’s religious development. In the old testament it helps to strength justice and
righteousness as God’s principal concerns and his supreme commandments
22. What is universalism?
Universalism is the concern for all humanity, which found expression in the
prophets who envisioned the unity of all people under God.
23. Understand the legacy of the Hebrews.
Lectures – Make sure you have watched each of the lecture presentations for Module/Week 1
and use the following questions to guide you in study.
1. Understand the importance of studying Western Civilization and the purpose of this
course.
It is important to studying western civilization because it The history major
provides the student with a broad based understanding of a wide
range of societies and cultures. A degree in history also means that
graduates learn to read and research, to evaluate evidence, and to
communicate these findings orally and in writing. Although sometimes
students think the only opportunity for the history major is teaching,
there are many other options available. The skills obtained through
the study of history are highly valued in today’s complex world of
work.
The purpose of the course This course will focus instead on process’ and
developments. You will learn to look for the overall concepts, the big
idea.
2. Understand the scope of this course.
Analysis & Critical thinking
Processes and developments
Difference in regards to events, people and development
The scope of the course include the chronological and geographical topics covered
3. Recognize the important geographic elements for the rise of civilizations.
The important geopgraphic elements for the rise of civilization was water or river –
sustenance and transportation
4. Recognize the geographic boundaries of Mesopotamia, particularly in its early stages.
Fertile cresent between Euphrates and tygris riverHIEU 201
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5. Review the legacies of the earliest civilizations.
Mesopotamisa – wheel, lunar calendar, multiplication and division tables, Chaldean
and Persian empire, dividion by 360 degrees, chart star and plantes
Egypt – architure, art, science, and medicine, surgery, h uman anatomy, solar
calendar (12 months with 30 days), pyramids
Phoenicians- phonetic alphabet, purple dye
6. Who fashioned the first iron weapons?
Hittites (p. 8 notes)
7. Recognize the significance and contributions of Assyrians.
By 800 BC, this changed when the Assyrians sought once again to
expand their borders. By the 7th century BC, the Assyrians were a
deadly force of ruthless attackers, feared by all (p. 8-9 notes)
8. Know the origins of world empires, and recognize the difference between a small nation
and an empire.
Egypt not an empire because the kingdom in homogenus
Empires led to the intermingling of people (multi people group,
ethnicities and culture)
Small nations – The small nations of the Near East, which tended
to be the weakest targets of land hungry invaders, were left in
relative peace, little fearing massive invasion. (Mespotamia,
Empires – Assyrians, Babylonian Empire, Chaldean, Persian
In political science, a "nation" refers to a group of people who feel
bound into a single body by shared culture, values, folkways, religion
and/or language.
Empire is a comparatively larger geographical entity in which a group
of states or nations are ruled by a single monarch or authority
9. Know the largest empire covered in this section and its extent.
Persian empire it extents from Fertile Crescent in the East to the Mediterranean Sea
in the WestHIEU 201
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10. Know the origins of the Hebrews, and recognize their contributions to Western
Civilization.
The origins of the Hebrews a Mesopotamia.
11. Understand the key players in the Babylonian Captivity and the destruction of Israel.
The key players in the Babylonian Captivity was King Nebuchadnezzar II – leader
when Jews were brought into Babylonian captivity. (p. 44)
12. Understand and recognize the legacy of Persia.
Political unity – divided into small divisions with local governments
Economic unity – weights and measure, common coinage for trade
Universal language – Aramaic based on the Phonecian alphabet, enhanced trade
and commerce
Paved way for cosmopolitan society – brought together all near east peoples
Websites and Articles – Make sure you have read all the additional websites and articles within
the required reading section. Use the following questions to guide your reading and study.
1. Understand the use and origin of BC and AD in the dating system used in this course.
in years "Before Christ," or BC. All events that occurred after Christ's birth
are counted in years "of our Lord," or AD.
2. In “Western Civilization, Our Tradition” focus on the following areas:
a. What is the author’s main argument? (Found in the first few paragraphs)
Value for studying western civilization is lost today
b. What are the three traditions of Western Civilization listed by the author?
Classical culture of Greece and Rome
Christian Religion (Western Christianity)
The enlightenment of the modern era
c. Who does the author claim has the most interest in studying Western Civilization?
The author claimed that the most interest in studying western civilization is
Muslim societies. Religious leaders of nonwestern societies.
d. Where did the term Western Civilization come from?
The term Western Civilization was invented a century ago it came from
classical culture.
They are able to recognize that the central and crucial tradition of Western
civilization is the Christian tradition.HIEU 201
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e. What was the “Heroic Age” of Western Civilization, and why did it reach this
point?
The Heroic age of western civilization The combination of American
energy and European legacy gave the idea of Western civilization both
power and legitimacy in both America and Europe. The power helped
the United States win the First World War against the German
Empire, the Second World War against Nazi Germany, and the Cold
War against the Soviet Union. The legitimacy
helped to order the long peace within West- ern Europe that was very
much intertwined with the Cold War. With its appropriation by
America, therefore, the idea of Western civilization experienced its
heroic age.
f. Of the aspects of Western Civilization, which aspect is the only one accepted by
intellectual elites of the West? Why is this?
Enlightenment – want to eliminate all other aspects, secularize
g. Who does the author argue will be the true defenders of the Western Civilization?
Traditional conservatives
3. In “Biblical History,” consider the article in light of the following questions:
a. What is the main purpose of the author?
The main purpose of the author was to examine allegations of biblical truth
to some myth that persist in regards to biblical history
Attack on Old testament that is full-fledged, no holds barred variety. Such
extreme views invite dismissal of this assault as the work of a cadre of
sensation seeking quasi scholars whose radical revisionism almost guarantees
attention in media.
b. What is the main argument of the article?
This scriptures/Bible are historically accurate
c. What examples does the author offer to support his argument? Is this “proof”
convincing? yes
- Abraham a myth
- No migration from MespotamiaHIEU 201
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- The patriarchs
- No Israelite sojourn in Egypt or exodus therefrom
- No Moses
- No exodus
- No conquest of Canaan by Joshua
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