Biology > Study Notes > Southern Methodist University - BIOL 3350CELL BIO TEST CH. 1 NOTES (All)

Southern Methodist University - BIOL 3350CELL BIO TEST CH. 1 NOTES

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CHAPTER 1 NOTES - Cells the Fundamental Units of Life o Cells: small, membrane-enclosed units filled with concentrated aqueous solution of chemicals and endowed with extraordinary ability to creat ... e copies of themselves by growing and dividing in two o Cell biology: study of cells and their structure, function, and behavior - Unity and Diversity of Cells - Cells Vary Enormously in Appearance and Function o Bacterial cell [ex: Lactobacillus] in cheese is a few micrometers [um] in length & VERY small o Nerve cell is extremely extended o Paramecium in pond shaped like submarine & covered with thousands of cilia = hair-like extensions whose sinuous beating sweeps cells forward o Cells have different chemical requirements [some must have oxygen and others would die if exposed to oxygen] - Living Cells All Have a Similar Basic Chemistry o Cells resemble each other because they all have same sorts of molecules and have same chemical reactions o There are genes in all organisms which carries DNA o DNA: long polymer chains that are made from the same set of 4 monomers [nucleotide] & are strung together in different sequences like letters of the alphabet to convey info o In every cell DNA is transcribed [read out] into chemically related set of polymers called RNA which is then translated into another polymer called a protein o Central dogma: flow of info from DNA to RNA to a protein o Proteins are built of amino acids  all organisms use the same 20 AA  giving organism 3-D shape or conformational shape [Show More]

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