Pharmacology EXAM 1 Study Guide. Includes Questions and Answers. See description for sample content.

• Drugs that PRODUCE a response? • Drugs that PREVENT a response? • Therapeutic WINDOW is what? • The time it takes for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body is called? • What is a patien ...

• Drugs that PRODUCE a response? • Drugs that PREVENT a response? • Therapeutic WINDOW is what? • The time it takes for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body is called? • What is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for • What is it called for drugs to share many common features • What makes drugs fit into the same “class” • Another name for antagonist? • Who do you not give antagonist or adrenergic blocker to? • Beta blockers commonly seen in what clients? • Antagonist suffix • Antagonist S/S • Agonist S/S • Before administering antagonist what do you check • Cholinergic o • Anticholinergic • What type of drug is Reglan? • How do you treat cholinergic crisis • Cholinergic crisis S/S • Anticholinergic drugs are contraindicated in who? • CNS stimulant drugs are contraindicated in who? • Hemorrhagic stroke • Anorexiants can lead to what? • Most common side effects of Ritalin • Benzodiazepines increase activity to what neurotransmitter (PAM & LAM) • Reversal to benzodiazepines • Ambien side effects o Sedative/hypnotic • Drug choice for treating status epilepticus • Dilantin can do what? o Cause gum disease • When a client is on Dilantin what are some nursing interventions? • What is therapeutic level for Depakote? • If Depakote levels are high (>100) what needs to be done? • What does Depakote treat? • Benzodiazepines can lead to what? • Barbiturates reversal treatment • Example of barbiturates • What disease process goes with “dopamine depletion”, rigidity, acetylcholine • What disease goes with confusion, bradykinesia, memory loss, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles • Aricept improves what? • What is SLUD o • You CANNOT crush CONTIN, POTASSIUM and IRON • What disease process goes with “lack of Ach receptor sites”? • What disease process goes with “respirator muscle weakness”? • What disease process goes with “anticholinesterase inhibitor drugs”? • What should you avoid while taking cyclobenzaprine (flexeral)? • A patient is taking an MAOI and eating blue cheese and red wine with dinner, what should you tell them that they are at risk for? • A patient is taking Lithium, you should advise them to avoid what other drugs? • Serotonin syndrome S/S • Extrapyramidal (EPS) effects are most common with which class of antidepressants? • What to keep in mind with lithium? • What drugs contain acetaminophen? • What drugs do not contain acetaminophen? • What drug should not be given during an acute gout flare up? • What is an injectable NSAID? • Ibuprofen should always be taken with? • All opioids can be reversed by what? • Max daily dose of acetaminophen for adults? • Common side effect of opioids are? • Extra pyramidal symptoms? • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome? • The ONLY non-sedating anti-anxiety med is? • Typical antipsychotics may be prescribed for short term use why? • Extra pyramidal side effects are most commonly seen in which class of medications? • How do you know if a neuroleptic is working? • What do you need to teach with DMARDS? • What is pharmaceutics? • Drugs generally disintegrate and are absorbed faster in what? • Very old and very young people have less gastric acidity? • If a drug is enteric coated and meant to be absorbed in where? • Pharmacokinetic phase • 4 processes • Protein bound drugs are destroyed by? • Insulin is a protein bound drug, so CANNOT be given by which route? • Absorption drugs absorbed most easily are? • What is the first pass effect? • Bioavailability is what? • Bioavailability for IV administered drugs is what %? • After a pill is taken by mouth, what organ has a major impact on its bioavailability? • High fat foods increase what? o • Exercise can decrease drug absorption because? • Protein binding is what? • If a patients in on 2 drugs that are both strongly protein bound, what happens? • The blood brain barrier is what? • Excretion/elimination are accomplish mainly where? • Peak is what? • Pharmacodynamics phase I what? • Onset is what? • Duration of action is what? • Receptor theory is? • Agonist’s examples? • Antagonist examples? • Peak is what? • Trough is what? • Loading dose is what? • Brand names are what? • Additive effects? • Additive effect BAD example? • Additive effect GOOD example • Synergistic effect • Synergistic effect BAD example • Synergistic effect GOOD example • Antagonistic effect BAD example • Antagonistic effect GOOD example • Some drugs like MAOI antidepressants have specific food interactions such as • OTC cough and cold • Sleep Aids • CNS brain and spinal cord • Somatic vs autonomic o , acts on smooth muscles and glands, autonomic nervous system, sympathetic (adrenergic) parasympathetic (cholinergic) • Sympathetic • Parasympathetic • Adrenergic agonists • Adrenergic agonist drugs • Beta blockers • Beta blocker effects • Beta blocker drugs • Beta blocker side effects • Indirect aching • Cholinergic drugs • Anticholinergics drugs DRY DRY DRY DRY • Benzotropine for Parkinson’s • Who to caution giving anticholinergic meds to? • Amphetamines • Amphetamines common side effects • Amphetamine drugs • Amphetamines drug adverse reactions • Insomnia treatments • Insomnia drugs • Insomnia drugs adverse reactions • Benzodiazepines do what? • Benzodiazepines drugs • Benzodiazepine side effects • Benzodiazepine reversal agent • Epilepsy • Epilepsy drugs • Hydantoins side effects/adverse reactions • Benzodiazepines Lorazepam (Ativan treat what • Diazepam treats what • Valproate drugs (valproic acid “Depakote) treat what? • What is Parkinson’s caused by? • Treatment for Parkinson’s? • Parkinson’s drug? • Alzheimer’s disease is what? • Alzheimer’s disease symptoms • Alzheimer disease acetylcholinesterase inhibitor • Myasthenia gravis is what? • Myasthenia crisis? • Cholinergic crisis? • Multiple sclerosis is what? o , causing lesions called plaques • Multiple sclerosis treatments • MS symptom management • Cyclobenzaprine side effects • Histamine • Kinins • Prostaglandins • Aspirin • Ibuprofen-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory • Celecoxib-NSAID • DMARDS (disease modify antirheumatic drugs) • Rheumatoid arthritis • Immunomodulators: infiximb (remicade) • Gout • Urocosurics, probenecid • Uric acid inhibitor, allopurinol • Analgesia • Mild to moderate pain is usually relieved with the use of nonopiod analgeiscs • Moderate to severe pain usually requires an opioid • Non opioid analgesics • Acetaminophen o doses, no more than 650mg per dose, max 3,000mg per day • High purine foods • Ketorolac (toradol) • Cox1 inhibitor • Opioid analgesics • Morphine sulfate adverse reactions • Other opioids • The half-life of naloxone is shorter than the half-life of most opioids meaning what? • Buprenorphrine/naloxone (suboxone) • Migraines • Triptans: sumatriptan (imitrex) • Mood stabilizers • Bipolar treatment • Bipolar affective disorder • Serotonin syndrome • GABA • Serotonins does what? • Dopamine does what o • Norepinephrine does what • Neuroleptics • Anxiolytics • Psychosis • What nursing education is needed for Dilantin