Physics > STUDY GUIDE > HKUST PHYSICS PHYS1003 cheat sheet (All)

HKUST PHYSICS PHYS1003 cheat sheet

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Chp 1. Population Growth World population today 7.4 B (Jan 2016) ≈ Annual increment decreases1990, Saturate at about 10 B. SubSahara Africa: high growth rate of about 2.5%/year. C&S As ... ia: already large population. Small decrease in Europe. The inverse of PD is the APP 1B in 1804, 2B in 1927, 4B in 1974, 8B in 2025–2030 Life expecancy is invesely proportional to fertility Growth with Compound Interest after t years N= 1+ r n ¿nt N0 ¿ or N= N0 ert Exponential growth: Doubling Time (Rule of 70)>>rt=70 After doubling for n times >> S= 2k or S= 2k−1 Chp 2. Prime movers - 1 manpower (animal and slaves) ~ 75 W = 75 J/s (0.1 hp) Invention of machines Burning FF>Mechanical P<>Electrical P Electric technology: Steam turbine Charles Parsons (electricityfossil fuel&nuclear plant); Engine/Machine:10horsepower steam engine James Watt, Otto cycle fourstroke engine Nicolaus Otto, Gottieb Daimler, Karl Benz, Diesel engine Rudolf Diesel, 1935 Jet engine(intercontinental flights) Hans von Ohain Frank Whittle Economic globalization: diesel engines power crude, LNG tankers, bulk cargo vessels and container ships Traditional: Human & animal power, wood, animal dung, etc. Thinly and widely distributed with small quantities. Lower efficient utilization || Modern: Coal, oil, gas, hydro and nuclear, etc. Large scale, localized, and mass production. Efficient, affordable, and reliable. Using machines to convert the E into mechanical E, heat, and electricity etc. Two grand transitionsIndustrial Revolution Steam engines powered by coal Diversification of E enduse technologies and E supply sources. (Electricity>light, heat, motion, consumer electronics & ICE replaced steam engines >mobility in cars, ships and aircrafts & Oil replaced coal as the most dominant E source since 1970) Mobile 60,000 kW747< Stationary 1,800,000 kWST The high E density of the FF: commercial & industrial production, heat, electricity and transportation. Apply scientific and technological knowhow to build machines which run on fossil fuels to serve us. (consumption: US>JPN>UK) || Pros & Cons: Availability of food & Improved hygiene, growth of E consumption & population, env impacts Growth of Energy Consumption/ human impact = (P) • (A)• technological inventions and productions (T) PPP determine the relative value of different currencies. 100fold increase of daily energy consumption per capita Machine power: power generated from machines powered by fossil fuels Air pollution, global warming (CO2) [Show More]

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