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The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels & Circulation Worksheet

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The Cardiovascular System: The Blood Vessels Overview of Arteries and Veins Module 18.1 in your text introduces you to the structure and function of arteries and veins. By the end of the module, you should be able to do the following: 1. Compare and contrast the structures of arteries and veins and of arterioles and venules. 2. Describe the structure and function of the types of arteries and veins. 3. Define vascular anastomosis, and explain the significance of anastomoses. Build Your Own Glossary Following is a table with a list of key terms from Module 18.1. Before you read the module, use the glossary at the back of your book or look through the module to define the terms. Key Terms for Module 18.1 Term Definition Artery The distribution system of the vasculature; carry blood away from the heart. Oxygenated into systemic circuit & deoxygenated to pulmonary. Capillary The exchange system of the vasculature; small diameter vessels that form branching networks [capillary beds]. Many capillary walls are only one cell later thick, making exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes possible. Term Definition Vein The collection system of the vasculature; draw blood from the capillary beds & return them to the heart. Tunica intima Innermost vessel layer composed of endothelium. Composed of endothelium; continuous with the endocardium of the heart. Produce nitric oxide, collagen, and clotting factors. Internal elastic lamina fibers give vessels the properties of dispensability [ability to stretch] & elasticity [ability to recoil]. Tunica media Middle vessel layer composed of two separate layers; smooth muscle cells arranged around the lumen & external elastic lamina. These smooth muscle cells control the diameter of blood vessels [vasocontriction/dilation] and are innervated by sympathetic vasomotor nerves. Tunica externa Outer layer, composed of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue; it supports the blood vessel and prevents it from overstretching. *Vaso vasora are tiny vessels that supply the tunica media and tunica externa – these vessels supply oxygen & nutrients to the parts of the vessel whose cells are too far away from lumen to Venous valve Flaps of endothelium in certain veins that prevent blood from flowing backwards.

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