NR 503 Week One – Definitions
1. Epidemiology- science of public health
2. Disease surveillance- Collection, analysis, dissemination of data
o – Endemic
o – Epidemic
o – Pandemic
2. Common vehicle
3. Morbidity- Pr
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NR 503 Week One – Definitions
1. Epidemiology- science of public health
2. Disease surveillance- Collection, analysis, dissemination of data
o – Endemic
o – Epidemic
o – Pandemic
2. Common vehicle
3. Morbidity- Presence of illness in population
4. Mortality-related to the tracking of deaths within an aggregate
5. Risk- increase chance of poor health outcome
6. Incidence- Measures the appearance of new cases
7. Prevalence- measure the existence of all current cases within a time frame
8. Mortality rates
9. Case-fatality rates
10. Secondary prevention- screening and diagnosis of disease
11. Population Health-Focuses on risk .data, demographics, and outcomes
12. Aggregate- The Population
NR 503 Week Two – Definitions
1. Validity-the ability of that test to distinguish correctly who has a disease.
2. Sensitivity-the ability of a test to correctly identify those who have a disease
3. Specificity-he ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the disease
4. Positive predictive value- a proportional value of the proportion of people in any given population
who are screened as positive and who have the disease. PPV is the number of true positives divided
by everyone who tested positive
5. Negative predictive value- is also a proportion but is the opposite (and the probability that a result is
a true negative). It is the number of true negatives divided by all of those who tested negative.
6. Magnitude
7. False Negative- Occurs when the test incorrectly reports the absence of disease when disease is, in
fact, present
8. Primary prevention-preventing disease before it occurs
9. Secondary prevention- Interventions aimed at detecting a disease early in its course
10. Tertiary prevention-consists of interventions aimed at interventions to facilitate the
rehabilitation
11. Natural history of disease- Nature of the disease and how it progresses
12. True positive Occurs when the test correctly reports disease presence when disease is, in fact,
present -
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13. False Positive- Test Occurs when the test incorrectly reports disease presence when disease is, in
fact, absent
14. Internal Validity - Whether the study measures what it was supposed to measure
15. External Validity- The generalizability of the results to other populations
16. Reliability -The ability of test results being replicated if the test is repeated
17. Probability-The study of the laws of chance
18. Sensitivity- The tests’ ability to yield a positive result when the person actually has the condition,
disorder, or disease
19. Specificity- The test’s ability to yield a negative result when the person does not have the condition
20. Gold Standard- Tests with 100% sensitivity and specificity
21. Positive Predictive Value- The probability of the person actually having the disease when the
screening test or diagnostic test is positive
22. Negative Predictive Value- The probability of the person being free of disease the disease when the
screening test or diagnostic test is negative
23. Clinically Significant- Referring to results that have clinical significance
24. Likelihood Ratio-Combines sensitivity and specificity data to help the clinician quantify how much
the odds of disease change based on a positive or a negative test result
NR 503 Week Three – Definitions
1. Risk Factor -A condition that may adversely affect an individual’s health
2. Absolute Risk- The incidence of a disease in a population
3. Relative Risk- The ratio of the risk of disease in exposed individuals to the risk of disease
in nonexposed individuals
4. Odds Ratio -The ratio of the odds of development of disease in non-exposed person
5. Attributable Risk- How much of the risk (incidence) of the disease we hope to prevent
if able to eliminate exposure to the agent in question
6. Incidence Rate- The number of new cases of a disease that occurs during a specified
period of time in a population at risk for developing the disease
7. Prevalence Rate- The number of affected persons present in the population at a
specific time divided by the number of persons in the population at that same time
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