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Final Exams Concepts

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1. Know the difference between subjective and objective data. (I will scream if you all get these wrong! :))  Subjective: What a person says about themselves o Example: “My BP was 118/90 yeste... rday” and pain  Objective: What you observe through measurement, inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation o Examples: Meter readings, vital signs, and measurements 2. Barriers to communication. What are they?  The use of jargon  Emotional barriers and taboo  Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver  Difference in viewpoint  Physical barriers to non-verbal communication  Physical or mental disabilities (Physical: Hearing problems. Mental: Down Syndrome)  Language differences and difficulty understanding unfamiliar accents  Cultural difference. 3. Traps of interviewing-Chapter 3  Providing false assurance or reassurance  Giving unwanted advice  Using authority  Using avoidance language  Distancing  Using professional jargon  Using leading or bias questions  Talking too much  Interrupting  Using “why” questions 4.Open ended questions vs closed ended questions. Know the difference and when to use them during the interview process.  Open ended: Questions asking for narrative information o When to use them:  Use it to begin the interview  Introduce a new section of questions  Whenever the person introduces a new topic  Closed (direct) questions: Asking for specific information. Elicit a short, oneor two-word answer, a “yes” or “no” or a forced choice. o Used in an emergengy to obtain information quickly 5. Components of a Health History -Chapter 4. Know this Chapter!!  Initial information  Chief complaint  Past medical history  Family history  Social history  Review of systems  Physical exam 6. General survey and what it consists of.  Initial inspection  Observe posture  Hygeine  Facial expression  Assess breathing  Behaviors  Body language o Appearance o Body Structure and mobility o Behavior 7. Skills requisite of physical exam. Chapter 8. Know the correct order for assessment. (Inspection, palpation etc). Know the different order for abdominal exam.  Order: o Inspect o Palpation o Percussion o Auscultation  Abdomen:  Inspect  Auscultation  Percussion  Palpation 8. Know the normal range of respirations. Above and below that range, what's it called?  Normal Range: 12-20(21)  Dyspnea: Shortness of breath; < 12  Tachypnea: Abnormally rapid breathing; >21 9. Lung sounds- Know difference between normal vs abnormal and where they are heard. 10. Characteristics of pulse and how to document it.  Rhythm: Normal regular, even tempo o Rating:  Force:  3+: Full, bounding  2+: Normal  1+: Weak, thread  0: Absent [Show More]

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