Straighterline Nutrition Final Exam Review Questions and Answers. Graded A+

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What is the major monosaccharide found in the human body? - Ans-glucose Which of these is a complex carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the human digestive process? - Ans-fiber What is th... e purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010? - Ans-to help Americans choose an overall healthful diet How much moderate-intensity exercise is recommended in order to decrease an individual's risk of chronic disease? - Ans-30 minutes per day What is an advantage of fat as a source of fuel for exercise? - Ans-It supplies more than twice the energy of carbohydrates In the human body, when is glycogen synthesis greatest? - Ans-immediately following exercise* what is the first step in the production of energy from food? - Ans-anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm a cell's genetic material is contained in its - Ans-nucleus the primary functions of epithelial tissue in the lining of the respiratory tract are to - Ans-secrete important substances, absorb nutrients, and excrete waste* what happens in the human body when too much Vitamin C is consumed via supplements? - Ans-It is excreted in the feces and urine what substances manufactured by the endocrine glands act as chemical messengers in the body? - Ans-hormones what is the term for the partially digested food mixture as it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine? - Ans-chyme how does the body regulate blood glucose levels after a meal? - Ans-insulin is released from the pancreas which of these is the only animal-derived food that contains a significant amount of carbohydrates? - Ans-milk which enzyme breaks down carbohydrate? - Ans-amylase what product is formed as a result of the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbohydrates are not available to the body? - Ans-ketones which type of fats can raise the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in the blood? - Ans-saturated which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? - Ans-blood pressure > 138/89 mg HG* if a 100-calorie serving of food has 10 grams of fat, what percentage of the calories in that food is fat? - Ans-90% plant proteins are considered incomplete when they are missing which of these? - Ans-essential amino acids edema can be caused by a lack of which substance in the bloodstream? - Ans-protein the enzymatic digestion of protein begins in the - Ans-stomach based on the RDA, how many grams of protein would a healthy 125-pound woman need daily? - Ans-46 which of the following is closely correlated with an increase in basal metabolic rate? - Ans-having greater lean body mass* joe is 25 years old and weighs 154 pounds. What would be Joe's 24-hour estimated basal metabolic rate? - Ans-1680 kcal/24 hours* which term refers to the minimum amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest? - Ans-basal metabolism what theory proposes that everyone has a genetically determined body weight that is maintained through internal controls? - Ans-set point theory in which list are all of the vitamins fat-soluble? - Ans-Vitamins A,D,E,K what is the primary role of vitamin D in the body? - Ans-to help regulate calcium and bone metabolism where is most vitamin A stored in the body? - Ans-liver which vitamin is synthesized in the skin with exposure to UVB rays? - Ans-vitamin D iron absorption is enhanced by the consumption of - Ans-oranges why does an increase in energy expenditure require an increase in B complex vitamins? - Ans-they are involved in carb, fat, and protein metabolism what compound is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B-12? - Ans-intrinsic factor how does sodium maintain appropriate fluid balance in the body? - Ans-in osmosis, sodium acts as the major positive ion in the extracellular fluid* which mineral is important in regulating the human heartbeat? - Ans-potassium goiter is caused by a deficiency of - Ans-iodine while Jim was running a marathon he lost 2.5 pounds. How much fluid should Jim have consumed to prevent dehydration? - Ans-50-60 ounces why does excessive intake of alcohol result in dehydration? - Ans-antidiuretic hormone is inhibited by alcohol a decrease in urine output would likely be the result of a diet that is - Ans-high in protein and sodium which pituitary hormone signals the kidneys to conserve water by conserving sodium? - Ans-aldosterone during which stage of the lifecycle can a prolonged deficiency in iron result in impaired cognitive development? - Ans-early infancy which government program provides supplemental food vouchers specifically for low-income pregnant women and children? - Ans-women, infants, and children (WIC) which is a symptom of anorexia? - Ans-rituals involving food and exercise which statement describes a consequence of anorexia? - Ans-body temperature is lowered, which results in decreased metabolism* which of these is an effective means to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses? - Ans-thaw foods in the fridge according to the EPA, which of the following is a useful strategy for reducing the intake of pesticide residue from foods? - Ans-thoroughly scrub, rinse, and peel fruits and vegetables it is unlawful to add any amount of cancer-causing substance to food, according to the - Ans-delaney clause which of the following is an unintended effect of the use of pesticides in food production? - Ans-destruction of natural predators of plant eating insects which food should be consumed no more than once per week to limit the intake of mercury? - Ans-swordfish which of these actions helps to decrease the risk of pesticide exposure? - Ans-remove skin from poultry and fish** which of these pregnancy complications can be reduced by 50% if a woman is physically active during pregnancy? - Ans-gestational diabetes the body's need for iron increases during pregnancy because of the need to - Ans-synthesize additional hemoglobin it is recommended that a healthy woman of normal weight gain about how many pounds during pregnancy? - Ans-26 to 35 after about six months, which mineral stores have been depleted in breast-fed babies? - Ans-iron why is it recommended that solid foods be introduced after six months of age? - Ans-to decrease risk of food allergies which of the following can increase the risk of osteoporosis? - Ans-inadequate exposure to sunlight what is one of the basic premises of the USDA/HHS Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010? - Ans-nutrient needs should be met primarily through food consumption how does an active lifestyle help to slow some of the physiological changes that occur during aging? - Ans-maintains muscle mass charlie is 75 years old and is complaining of problems with constipation. Which dietary recommendation may be appropriate to help him establish more regular bowel habits? - Ans-increase intake of whole grains and water over the past 50 years, rates of _________ have declined among American adults - Ans-death from cardiovascular disease which class of nutrients comprises 60% of body weight? - Ans-water current factors that can influence american food habits negatively are - Ans-social changes that are leading to a general time shortage for many of us which of the following most accurately describes the term epidemiology? - Ans-a study of how disease rates vary among different population groups in the ________ experimental design, neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's assignment (test or placebo) or the outcome of the study until it is completed - Ans-double-blinded which of the following is not a simple carb? - Ans-starch a kilocalorie is a measure of - Ans-heat energy pat purchases a 2-liter bottle of root beer. this would be approximately ________ - Ans-2 quarts which of the following is not true about water? - Ans-provides energy a warning sign or symptom of alcohol poisoning is - Ans-semiconsciousness or unconsciousness [Show More]

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