Biology Portage Learning Mod-1 Quizzes and answers. GRADED A+.

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Biology Portage Learning Mod-1 Quizzes and answers. GRADED A+. Briefly describe the key characteristics of covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. - Ans-Covalent: electron pairs are shared;ionic: posi... tively and negatively charged ions attract; hydrogen: results from positive "end" of a polar molecule being weakly attracted to the negative "end" of another polar molecule. Name the monomer(s) (building block) that make up each of the following biomacromolecules: Proteins-- Lipids-- Nucleic Acid-- Carbohydrate- - Ans-Proteins- Amino Acids Lipids- Glycerol + fatty acid Nucleic Acid - nucleotide Carbohydrate- Monosaccharide What is the main reason for the polarity of most biomacromolecules? - Ans-Unshared electrons cause a push in the other bonds. In water, for example, the unshared electrons are on the O and it creates a slightly negative end, but the hydrogen atoms have a slightly positive end. Ultimately, it's the shape causing these positive and negative "ends". a. Carbohydrates contain what three elements?b. What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a carbohydrate? c. What is the difference between a carbohydrate and a hydrocarbon? - Ans-a. CHO b. 2:1 c. A hydrocarbon has only H and C and carbs have HCO. Hydrocarbons are not functional groups. a. What is the make up of a lipid? b. What are fatty acid chains composed of? c. What is the unique property that makes a molecule a lipid? - Ans-a. A glycerol with a carboxyl group and fatty acids b. Long, non-polar hydrocarbon chains c. They aren't monomers but are composed of smaller molecules that linked together by chemical reactions A phospholipid molecule is said to be amphipathic because it contains polar and non-polar groups in the same molecule. Is the non-polar hydrocarbon (fatty acid) tail hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Is the polar head hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - Ans-Tail is hydrophobic and heads are hydrophilic What type of biomacromolecule is a steroid? - Ans-Lipid, in a fused ring conformation What is the essential role of cholesterol in animal cells? - Ans-Structural support; component of membranes What are the 3 types of cholesterol? - Ans-HDL (good; takes potentially dangerous build up to liver),LDL ("bad"; potential to clog vessels), VLDL (also "bad"; clogs and carries triglycerides) Explain the following terms in regard to proteins:a. Primary structure: b. Secondary structure: c. Tertiary structure: d. Quaternary structure: - Ans-a. Amino acid monomers in a linear chain b. 2 repeating patterns are possible; a spring like coil of fibrous proteins within the linear chain forms (alpha-helix) and/or in the linear chain the pattern snakes back and forth; strong and flexible but not elastic. Both conformations held together with hydrogen bonds. It's possible that one chain can have both patterns c. Folding of the secondary structure; 3D shape determined by R-group interactions and hydrogen bonds d. interactions between two or more polypeptide chains. Each chain has its own primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. **need 2 or more polypeptide chains for this structure** Why are proteins so often used to build structures? - Ans-Because they are "structurally sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse. The bases present in nucleic acids contain what element besides C and H and O? - Ans-Nitrogen atoms A nucleic acid nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. List the type of sugar found in DNA and in RNA and the types of bases found in each. - Ans-Deoxyribose (pyrimidinesCytosine, Thymine, Uracil in RNA and purines-Adenine and Guanine) and Ribose [Show More]

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