CHAPTER 13 JARVIS WORKBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022 LATEST

CHAPTER 13 JARVIS WORKBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022 LATEST List the 3 layers associated with the skin, and describe the contents of each layer. - ANS--Epidermis: thin, tough -horny cell layer: dead keratinized cell ...

CHAPTER 13 JARVIS WORKBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022 LATEST List the 3 layers associated with the skin, and describe the contents of each layer. - ANS--Epidermis: thin, tough -horny cell layer: dead keratinized cells -basal cell layer: forms new cells -Dermis: middle layer made of connective tissue/collagen -holds nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatics -Subcutaneous: adipose Sebaceous glands - ANS-produce lipid substance secreted through hair follicles that lubricate the skin Eccrine glands - ANS-produces sweat opens to skin Apocrine glands - ANS-produce thick, milky secretion opens to hair follicles secretes during emotional/sexual stimulation List functions of the skin: - ANS-protection prevents penetration perception temperature regulation identification communication wound repair absorption and secretion production of vitamin D Pallor - ANS-due to non-oxygenated hemoglobin light skin looks pale, white-pink dark skin looks ashen, gray Erythema - ANS-due to excess blood in superficial capillaries (fever, inflammation) light skin looks red dark skin not visible - feel for warmth, hardening Cyanosis - ANS-due to non-oxygenated blood (chronic heart/lung disease, anxiety, cold) jaundice - ANS-yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood Causes of Hypothermia - ANS-shock cardiac arrest arterial insufficiency Reynaud disease Causes of Hyperthermia - ANS-increased metabolic rate trauma infection sunburn hyperthyroidism Causes of Diaphoresis - ANS-thyrotoxis, MI, anxiety, pain Mobility - ANS-the ease of skin to rise (decreased with edema, Scleroderma) Turgor - ANS-the skin's ability to return to place promptly when released (decreased with dehydration, extreme weight loss) Lunula - ANS-the white linear markings that are normally visible through the nail and on the pink nail bed Mongolian spot - ANS-common variation of hyperpigmentation in Black, Asian, American Indian, and Hispanic newborns Cafe au lait spot - ANS-large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation - usually normal erythemia toxicum - ANS-rash, small pustules, normal, will go away Cutis marmorata - ANS-transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room temperatures - forms reticulated red or blue pattern over skin Physiologic jaundice - ANS-yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes that develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life due to increased numbers of RBCs that hemolyze after birth Milia - ANS-tiny white papules on cheeks and forehead and across the nose and chin caused by sebum that occludes the opening of the follicles Lentigines - ANS-common variations of hyperpigmentation; "liver spots" Seborrheic keratosis - ANS-raised, thickened areas of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, warty, dark, greasy, and "stuck on" Actinic keratosis - ANS-red-tan plaques that increase over the years to become raised and roughened Acrochordons (skin tags) - ANS-overgrowths; form stalk; are polyp-like Sebaceous hyperplasia - ANS-raised yellow papules with a central depression Petechiae - ANS-a small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin. hematoma - ANS-a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues. bruise - ANS-an injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body from ruptured blood vessels. Measles (Rubeola) rash - ANS-red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash first appears behind ears looks coppery and does not blanch Koplik spots in mouth (red-based elevations of 1-3mm) German Measles (Rubella) rash - ANS-pink, papular rash (similar to Measles, but paler) Distinguished from measles by: neck lymphadenopathy no Koplik spots Chickenpox (Varicella) - ANS-shiny vesicles on erythmatous base - become pustules, then crusts very pruritic Stage I Pressure Ulcer - ANS--intact skin, red, does not blanch Stage II Pressure Ulcer - ANS-partial-thickness skin erosion - loss of epidermis and possibly dermis -looks like shallow abrasion or open blister Stage III Pressure Ulcer - ANS-full-thickness- extends into subcutaneous tissue -may see subcutaneous fat, but not muscle, bone, or tendon Stage IV Pressure Ulcer - ANS-full-thickness - involves all skin layers and extends into supporting tissue -exposes muscle, tendon, bone, slough (stringy matter attached to wound bed), eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue) lesion - ANS-tissue destruction macule - - ANS-flat skin lesion papule - ANS-small palpable skin lesion, plaque - - ANS-collection of papules, nodule - - ANS-larger elevated skin lesion tumor - - ANS-abnormal growth of tissue, wheal - - ANS-raised skin lesion with interstitial fluid, vesicle - - ANS-elevated cavity containing free fluid, pustule - ANS-elevated cavity with thick, cloudy fluid. crust - - ANS-thick, dried-out exudate from burst vesicles or pustules like in chickenpox scale - - ANS-shedded dead skin cell fissure - - ANS-crack in skin going into dermis erosion - ANS-shallow depression in skin such as stage 2 of pressure ulcers. ulcer - ANS-sloughing of necrotic, inflamed tissue such as a stage 3 pressure ulcer. primary skin lesions: - ANS-macule papule plaque nodule tumor wheal vesicle pustule secondary skin lesions - ANS-crust scale fissure erosion ulcer