AP World History Unit 3 Vocabulary Already Graded A

AP World History Unit 3 Vocabulary Already Graded A Gunpowder Empires ✔✔large states that relied on gunpowder to conquer and control territories (mainly located in Southwest, South and Central Asia) What you should k ...

AP World History Unit 3 Vocabulary Already Graded A Gunpowder Empires ✔✔large states that relied on gunpowder to conquer and control territories (mainly located in Southwest, South and Central Asia) What you should know about Islamic Gunpowder Empires -> ✔✔Rise to power- -took advantage of gunpowder -moved capitol/ major cities to the center of the Empire (Ottoman and Safavid Empires in particular) -took advantage of the breakup of the Mongol khanates - flourished mostly because Western Europe was still recovering from the Black Death and wasn't doing great Stability and Continuity of power- - had a consistent leadership - continuity of Islamic Law/religion throughout Asia - left artistic and architectural legacies which reflected the legitimacy of their rulers Decline of power- - failed to modernize economy - failed to modernize military - assassinated lineage (instability among monarchs) - strong presences outside the empire (foreign invaders and European forces Safavid Empire ✔✔-Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries -had conflicts between the neighboring Ottoman empire and had embargo placed on as a way to depress the Safavid Empire's power; granted more female rights to any who followed the Islamic Law (women could drink wine and were allowed divorce and inheritance rights) -a weakened and non-modernized economy and heavy outside presences (oppressed Sunni Pashtuns) led to the decline of the empire Mughal Empire ✔✔-a Hindu empire that in the 1520's conquered most of Northern India and established a central government similar to that implemented by Suleiman (ruler of the Ottoman Empire) -had a relatively strong trading relationship during the time trading items such as textiles, tropical foods, spices and stones; flourished in architecture during the 18th century as a sign of the empire's wealth and sophistication -fell due to failure to keep up with the military innovations of external enemies and internal issues among religions and social classes (issues between Sikhs, and Hindus and multiple peasant uprisings) Songhai Kingdom ✔✔Largest African trading kingdom during its time; Helped rebel against Mali; only lasted for about 100 years Manchu Empire ✔✔-Manchus from Mongolia seized power over China in 1644 switching from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty and expanded into Taiwan, Mongolia and Central Asia and Tibet -maintained continuity with traditional Chinese practices (civil service examinations and bureaucracy) -fell due to corrupt Chinese bureaucracies and levied high taxes on the people which led to peasant revolts (White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804) Ottoman devshirme ✔✔in the Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers Ottoman Empire ✔✔-the Ottoman Empire (Sunni) seized control of Constantinople in 1453, overthrowing the Byzantine Empire and in the 1520's Suleiman conquered territories in Northern Africa and in parts of Western Asia -benefited tremendously from the gain of Constantinople because it was a nexus for many major trade routes -fell due to weak sultans and strong neighboring European forces Salaried samurai ✔✔salaried by a powerful landowner, who relied upon them for defense and contracted them out for the defense of Japan or in other conflicts. Quing Dynasty ✔✔also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in Chinese history, and was the last ruling dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 Bureaucracy ✔✔a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. Tribute Collection ✔✔The collection of tribute; tribute is wealth, often in kind, that one party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often the case in historical contexts, of submission or allegiance Tax farming ✔✔A government's use of private collectors to collect taxes. Individuals or corporations contract with the government to collect a fixed amount for the government and are permitted to keep as profit everything they collect over that amount. Protestant Reformation ✔✔A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. Sunni ✔✔A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad Shi'a ✔✔the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad Sikhism ✔✔the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam (believes in the concept of reincarnation and karma; an adaptation of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism) Syncretic ✔✔a union or attempted fusion of different religions, cultures, or philosophies ( ie. - Halloween which has both Christian and pagan roots)