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Pathophysiology Final Study Guide

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Pathophysiology Final Study GuidePatho Section 1Cell & Tissue Function/DysfunctionAtrophy: decrease in size of cells.Hypertrophy: increase in cell size.Hyperplasia: increase in number of cells.Metapla ... sia: mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type.Dysplasia: cells vary in size & shape within a tissue.Anaplasia: undifferentiated cells with variable nuclear & cell structure.Neoplasm: tumor.Cell DamageIschemia: oxygen deficit due to respiratory or circulatory problems.Hypoxia: reduced oxygen in tissue.Oxygen Deficit: decreased energy production, loss of Na pump ↑ intracellular Na.Temperature: inactivation of some enzymes, damages organelles, protein coagulation, disruption of cell membrane.Micro-organismsAbnormal Metabolites: caused by genetic disorders or altered metabolism.Nutritional DeficitsCell DeathApoptosis:programmed cell death controlled by genetics.Necrosis:lysis of a cell, cell components leak into blood.Liquification:dead cells liquefy due to release of enzymes.Coagulation:cell proteins are altered or denatured causing coagulation.Caseous:form of coagulation necrosis, thick, yellowish, cheesy.Fat: fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids.Tissue Damage from ChemicalsExogenous: from environment.Endogenous: from inside the body,Tissue Damage from Physical AgentsHypothermia: vasoconstriction, ↑ blood viscosity, hypovolemic shock ↓ blood pressure.Hyperthermia: causes general vasodilatation, decrease in circulating blood volume.Radiation: primarily affects actively dividing cellsBiological AgentsInsects/Animals: direct injection of toxin, transmission of infectious agent, allergic reaction to insect proteins.Food PoisoningNormal Defenses of the Bod [Show More]

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