CIVE 438 Final Quiz

CIVE 438 Final Quiz True or False? Assimilative capacity of a water body dictates how much waste can be tolerated. (1) - ✔✔True True or False? An example of a point source is agricultural runoff. (1) - ✔✔False True o ...

CIVE 438 Final Quiz True or False? Assimilative capacity of a water body dictates how much waste can be tolerated. (1) - ✔✔True True or False? An example of a point source is agricultural runoff. (1) - ✔✔False True or False? Algae blooms caused by excess nutrients cause a drop in the DO levels. (1) - ✔✔True True or False? Heat, even though not a contaminant, adversely impacts aquatic habitat. (1) - ✔✔True True or False? pH of natural rainwater is 8.6. (1) - ✔✔False _____________ and ____________ are among the major types of water pollutants (1) - ✔✔Salts, Nutrients Define total maximum daily load. (1) - ✔✔maximum amount of pollutant that can be discharged to a water body without deteriorating its quality Explain the dissolved oxygen sag curve concept (1) - ✔✔-the DO concentration dips as oxygen-demanding materials are oxidized and then rises again further downstream as the oxygen is replenished from the atmosphere. -DO level of a water body is an indicator of the health status -DO depends on discharge of O2 demanding wastes, and assimilation of the water body Explain stratification and turnover (1) - ✔✔-Nearly all lakes in the temperate climatic zone become stratified during the summer and overturn (turnover) in the fall due to changes in the water temperature that result from the annual cycle of air temperature changes. In addition, lakes in cold climates undergo winter stratification and spring overturn as well. -During the summer, the surface water of a lake is heated both indirectly by contact with warm air and directly by sunlight. Warm water, being less dense than cool water, remains near the surface until mixed downward by turbulence from wind, waves, boats, and other forces. Because this turbulence extends only a limited distance below the water surface, the result is an upper layer of well-mixed, warm water (the epilimnion) floating on the lower water (the hypolimnion), which is poorly mixed and cool, as shown in Figure 7-12a. Because of good mixing the epilimnion will be aerobic (have DO). The hypolimnion will have a lower DO and may become anaerobic (devoid of oxygen). The boundary is called the thermocline because of the sharp temperature change (and therefore density change) that occurs within a relatively short distance. -In the fall, as temperatures drop, the epilimnion cools until it is more dense than the hypolimnion. The surface water then sinks, causing overturning. --Lake stratifies and overturns as the temperature varies and the density of water changes True or False? or fill in the blanks: Washing machines resemble or mimic ________ type reactors (1) - ✔✔batch Matter and energy can be neither __________ or ______________. (1) - ✔✔created, destroyed Final of CIVE 438 is cumulative, True or False? (1) - ✔✔False True or False? Students have one day to discuss their grades after the material is handed out. (1) - ✔✔False True or False? First day survey turn in deadline, during office hours in person, is September 13th (1) - ✔✔True 20% of your final grade is contributed from homework, True or False? (1) - ✔✔True It is not by change that US utilities have been providing safe drinking water to their consumers for several decades. A very significant drop in typhoid fever cases was established once the __________ were put in operation to treat the water. Later with disinfection it was almost eradicated. (2) - ✔✔? Give one example for a chemical characteristic of drinking water _________ and one example for a physical characteristic of drinking water:____________(2) - ✔✔zinc, turbidity Label the major 5 unit processes of a conventional surface water treatment plant (2) - ✔✔1. rapid mix 2. flocculation 3. sedimentation 4. filtration 5. disinfection Define the difference between potable and palatable water. (2) - ✔✔Potable: safe to drink (may not be tasty) Palatable: pleasing to drink (may not be safe) Total hardness is equal to the sum of: __________ and __________ (2) - ✔✔Mg^2+ (CH) , Ca^2+ (NCH) True or False? Ice caps store the most amount of usable/available fresh water (2) - ✔✔False (hard to reach) True or False? In the US, water consumption is estimated to be 110 L/cap/day (2) - ✔✔False 660 L/cap/day True or False? In US, industry is the least dominant water consuming sector (2) - ✔✔False, domestic True or False? MCL stands for maximum contaminant level (2) - ✔✔True True or False? Water supply reservoirs are designed for the minimum deficit (2) - ✔✔False, maximum True or False? Sedimentation basins can be either in circular or rectangular configuration (2) - ✔✔True True or False? Disinfection inactivates pathogens in drinking water (2) - ✔✔True Name one physical and one chemical characteristic of domestic wastewater (3) - ✔✔Physical (odor), Chemical (COD tests, TP) ____________ is one of the tests run to characterize wastewater (3) - ✔✔COD/BODs National pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) may require measurement and treatment of several wastewater parameters before wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) can discharge their effluents to surface waters. Name a constituent that is regulated by the NPDES permits: ___________ (3) - ✔✔temperature, bacterial limits Draw and label a diagram of a WWTP to remove 85% of the pollutants (3) - ✔✔Raw sewage-- >Bar rack-->Grid chamber-->Equalization basin-->Primary settling-->Biological Treatment-- >Secondary settling True or False? The main on-site disposal system is septic tank (3) - ✔✔True True or False? Equalization basins remove suspended solids (3) - ✔✔False, equalize the low so its at a constant rate True or False? Trickling filter is a chemical treatment method (3) - ✔✔False, ? True or False? Bacteria is the main microorganism for biological wastewater treatment (3) - ✔✔True True or False? Secondary clarifiers are characterized by Type III blanket settling (3) - ✔✔True True or False? Facultative ponds have both anaerobic and anaerobic zones (3) - ✔✔True Give a reason why tertiary/advanced treatment of wastewater may be necessary. (3) - ✔✔After the secondary settling process there could still be nitrogen, phosphorus that could be left so it can be used to further treat the water Name one of the five sludge treatment processes: (3) - ✔✔thickening, stabilization, conditioning, dewatering, reduction The flow type in sewer pipes is ___________ (4) - ✔✔turbulent ________________ is used to calculate the peak flowrate for storm sewers (4) - ✔✔Mannings equation __________________________ is used to calculate the flow velocity in pipes (4) - ✔✔Manning's equation? Hydraulic radius is equal to ________________________ (4) - ✔✔cross section area of the flow/wetted perimeter ___________ is a pipe material which is fairly common and not prone to corrosion (4) - ✔✔Plastic, vitrified clay/stoneware Define the time of concentration (4) - ✔✔amount of time it takes from farthest point to reach the outlet What are the types of sewer systems (4) - ✔✔storm, combined, sanitary The five sources of sewage are (include all possible sources) (4) - ✔✔storm, domestic, industrial, infiltration, inflow True or False? Runoff formation doesn't depend on duration of rainfall (4) - ✔✔False True or False? Runoff coefficient depends on the type of ground cover/material (4) - ✔✔True True or False? The minimum return period used for residential storm sewers is 15 years (4) - ✔✔False, 2-5 years True or False? Maximum flow velocity in sanitary sewers is 2.5 m/s (4) - ✔✔True True or False? The minimum pipe diameter for storm sewers is 300 mm (4) - ✔✔True True or False? Sewer pipes may be clogged by refrigerators (4) - ✔✔False True or False? Corrosion of sewer pipes is caused by sulfuric acid (4) - ✔✔True Name two of air pollutants that are regulated by the EPA under National Ambient Air Quality Standards (5) - ✔✔SO2, CO Air pollutants have adverse effects on : ____________, ___________, ____________ (name specific categories) (5) - ✔✔human health, materials, vegetation One of the three units to report air pollutant levels is: (5) - ✔✔ppm, microgram/cubic meters True or False? Secondary air pollution standards were developed to protect the human health (5) - ✔✔False, primary True or False? Elderly people and children are affected more by the air pollution (5) - ✔✔True True or False? Acid rain is a micro scale problem (5) - ✔✔False, macro True or False? The pH of pure rainwater is 10.6 (5) - ✔✔False, 5.6 True or False? Ozone depletion discovery was awarded a nobel prize (5) - ✔✔True True or False? Wind blows from higher to lower pressure areas (5) - ✔✔True True or False? Blowing is a plume type (5) - ✔✔False, looping, coning, fanning, lofting, fumigation, trapping True or False? Gaussian dispersion model is used to calculate indoor air pollutant levels (5) - ✔✔False, outdoor True or False? Combustion is one of the methods to remove air pollutants from plumes (5) - ✔✔True One of the air pollutants that cause acid rain is __________ (5) - ✔✔SO4 Corriolis effects is due to _____________ (5) - ✔✔ Ocean breeze occurs during the day due to ________________ (5) - ✔✔ _________________ is a method utilized to remove particular air pollutants (5) - ✔✔adsoprtion, absorption, combustion Noise is defined as ____________ (6) - ✔✔unwanted or disturbing sound The three elements of noise problem are: ____________, _____________, and _____________ (6) - ✔✔source, receiver, and transmission path _________ dB is the level for threshold of hearing (6) - ✔✔0 _____________, _____________, ____________ are the main parameters that affect the transmission of sound in air (6) - ✔✔temperature (humidity), frequency, and location/pathlength Name two impacts (one for each) of noise pollution humans and/or animals Humans-->__________ Animals-->__________ (6) - ✔✔annoyance reproductive issues Name two sources for noise pollution: __________ and ____________ (6) - ✔✔industrial, domestic Name a solution to reduce or prevent noise pollution (6) - ✔✔Use a muffler/silencer to prevent noise pollution (add a sound bamer? that allows the noise to "spread out") True or False? You may be charged for $5000/resident in Fort Collins for causing noise pollution (6) - ✔✔False, $1000 True or False? Distance between two successive sound peaks is frequency (6) - ✔✔False, wavelength True or False? Attenuation by ground depends on ground type (6) - ✔✔True True or False? Inversion reduces the noise pollution (6) - ✔✔False, increases ? True or False? Short method is used to estimate highway noise levels (6) - ✔✔True What was the impact of noise in "Black or White" clip by M.J.? (6) - ✔✔caused windows to break due to sound level Solid waste is defined as ____________ (7) - ✔✔anything that can be discarded The average rate of solid waste generation in US in 2009 was _____ kg/cap*d (7) - ✔✔2 The integrated solid waste management (ISWM) follows a hierarchical approach utilizing the techniques such as: __________, ____________, ___________, and ____________. (7) - ✔✔recycling/composting, source reduction, combustion, disposal ___________ is the type of material that make up the greatest % of US municipal solid waste (7) - ✔✔Paper True or False? Plastics take 10 years to degrade in nature (7) - ✔✔False, lifetime True or False? The most common truck routing method is the daily route method (7) - ✔✔True True or False? French method is a technique used in municipal solid waste landfill operation (7) - ✔✔False, trench True or False? Curbside pick-up location would reduce the cost and time requirements for collection (7) - ✔✔True _______________ cm is the weekly soil cover thickness (7) - ✔✔30 _______________ is the most common and problematic gas emitted from landfills (7) - ✔✔Methane Define leachate (7) - ✔✔water that has percolated through a solid and leached out some of the constituents. (trash water) Given an example on how we can reduce solid waste generation at the source (7) - ✔✔We can reduce it through incineration or limitations on waste production. What was wrong with the turtle on the first slide (7) - ✔✔It had a plastic can holder wrapped around its body