WGU C787 Study Guide Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+

WGU C787 Study Guide Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+ Macronutrients - ✔✔-carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins required in large amounts, provide energy Micronutrients - ✔✔-vitamins and minerals require ...

WGU C787 Study Guide Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+ Macronutrients - ✔✔-carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins required in large amounts, provide energy Micronutrients - ✔✔-vitamins and minerals require smaller amounts, make possible the biochemical reactions that extract energy from macronutrients molecules Obesity - ✔✔->30% body fat Overweight - ✔✔->25% body fat Marasmus - ✔✔-A disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies. s/s: htn, stroke, type 2 dm, exposed ribs, decreased body fat Kwashiorkor - ✔✔-Protein deficiency in childhood, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, irritability, thinning hair, and swollen body, which may be fatal if not treated. s/s: potbelly, edema in legs Anorexia Nervosa (AN) - ✔✔-an eating disorder characterized by an inability to maintain normal weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception bulimia nervosa - ✔✔-an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease. - ✔✔-Niacin- common in corn based diets and alcoholics. s/s: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death if not tx. Vitamin A deficiency - ✔✔-night blindness, dry skin, corneal damage Vitamin C deficiency - ✔✔-scurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, petechiae Iron deficiency - ✔✔-anemia Iodine deficiency - ✔✔-results in goiter/thyroid problems Vitamin D deficiencies - ✔✔-rickets osteomalacia osteoporosis calcium deficiency colon cancer Vitamin E deficiency (rare) - ✔✔-hemolytic anemia Vitamin K deficiencies - ✔✔-decreased synthesis of clotting factors hemorrhage Malnutrition - ✔✔-faulty or inadequate diet treating malnutrition - ✔✔-correcting diet correcting body fluid/potassium "hurry slowly" diluted milk w/added sugar What changes were made when DRIs were established in the late 1990's? - ✔✔-It expanded from the RDA. It contains several different groups to provide more adequate information needed DRI - ✔✔-Dietary Reference Intakes; combines the classic concerns of deficiency diseases with the contemporary interest of reducing the risk of chronic diet-related diseases UL - ✔✔-Tolerable upper intake level. The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects. EAR - ✔✔-Estimated Average Requirements- Average amount sufficient for half of population RDA - ✔✔-Recommended Daily Allowances- a healthy diet has nutrients nearing this amount Identify the types of dietary fats (including trans-fats) and recommendations regarding their consumption. - ✔✔-SATURATED (limit/avoid) TRANS (worse) MONOSATURATED (good lowers LDL) POLYUNSATURATED (same as above) What is the DASH diet and what level of sodium has been shown to reduce high blood pressure? - ✔✔- Dietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionCONSUME UP TO 2300 MG OF SODIUM A DAY How much of the "My Plate" is fruits and Vegetables? - ✔✔-1/2 the plate What recommendations would you make to a pregnant patient regarding folate and why? - ✔✔-all women who can become pregnant should get 400 mcg of folic acid each day, in addition to consuming food with folate from a varied diet, to lower the chance of having a baby with a neural tube defect. Provide examples of whole grains versus refined grains and how could a patient better meet the recommendation for consumption of whole grains? - ✔✔-at least half of the grains should be whole grains whole grains: Barley Brown rice Buckwheat Bulgur (cracked wheat) Millet Oatmeal Popcorn Whole-wheat bread, pasta or crackers Identify at least 4 ways to modify a diet creating a healthier eating style/pattern. - ✔✔-Make half your plate veggies and fruits. ... Include whole grains. ... Don't forget the dairy. ... Add lean protein. ... Avoid extra fat. ... Define nutrient-dense and give examples of nutrient-dense foods. - ✔✔-Nutrient-dense foods contain vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, lean protein, and healthy fats. examples: fruits and vegetables whole grains low-fat or fat-free milk products seafood lean meats, eggs peas, beans, and nuts. Identify foods that are typically high in sodium and strategies to reduce sodium in the diet. - ✔✔-No more than 2300 mg of sodium Recommended per day is 1000-1500 mg/daily high sodium foods: canned soup canned beans frozen dinners burritos cold cuts pizza breads/crackers AMDR for carbohydrates - ✔✔-CARBS-45-65% AMDR for fats - ✔✔-FATS -20-35% AMDR for protein - ✔✔-PROTEINS- 10-35% AMDR - ✔✔-Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range Vitamin B12 for older adults (advice) - ✔✔-Older adults may benefit from a daily supplement to prevent deficiency. Absorption decreases in the elderly. How DV relates to %DV - ✔✔-It shows how much of a nutrient is in one serving of the food. %DVs are based on the Daily Values for key nutrients, which are the amounts (in grams, milligrams, or micrograms) of nutrients recommended per day for Americans 4 years of age and older. Define "footnote" - ✔✔-At the bottom of the nutrition facts panel, there is often a footnote or a box that explains the daily value percentages in the product Why are some nutrients listed without %DV? - ✔✔-Trans fat, Sugars and, Protein do not list a %DV on the Nutrition Facts panel. How to spot added sugars in foods - ✔✔-You can find added sugar by looking at the ingredients in a product. Look for words ending in "ose," such as fructose, dextrose, and maltose, and look for syrups and juices (see "The many names of added sugars"). How to calculate BMI from weight (lbs) and height (inches) - ✔✔-weight (lb) / [height (in)]2 x 703 What 4 things does a healthy weight loss plan consist of? - ✔✔-*Emphasizes vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and fatfree or low-fat dairy products. *Includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts. *Limits saturated and trans fats, sodium, and added sugars. *Controls portion sizes. What are the primary diseases associated with poor diet and lifestyle? - ✔✔-cardiovascular disease high blood pressure type 2 diabetes some cancers and poor bone health How much of the total healthcare expenditures is spent on preventative approaches to preventable disease? - ✔✔-3% Define and provide examples of prevention strategies: Primary, - ✔✔-Primary- prevention strategies, or health promotion, encourage health-enhancing behaviors by giving individuals, families, and communities ways to reduce risk factors associated with disease and injury. Secondary - ✔✔-Secondary-prevention includes risk appraisal and screening to emphasize early detection and diagnosis of disease. tertiary prevention - ✔✔--aims to prevent the long-term consequences of a chronic illness or disability and to support optimal functioning -examples: prevention of pressure ulcers as complication of a spinal cord injury; promoting independence for the client who has traumatic brain injury What are some factors that contribute to overweight and obesity (modifiable and non-modifiable)? - ✔✔-modifiable-diet and lifestylenon-modifiable-age, race, family history How much weight loss (percent of total body weight) has been shown to improve health risks associated with overweight and obesity? - ✔✔-10% What is the biggest nutritional benefit of fruits and veg? - ✔✔-decreased risk of cancer Identify government agency sponsored dietary recommendations for management of chronic kidney disease. - ✔✔-* 2,300 milligrams of sodium each day. * avoid high amounts of protien * limit trans and saturated fats * less phosphorus and calcium * right amount of potassium, avoid salt substitutes What are anthropometric measures? - ✔✔-body measurements Limit cholesterol intake to - ✔✔-* desired cholesterol level: <170 mg/dL * limit cholesterol into to 30 An underweight patient would be at risk for what conditions or diseases? - ✔✔-malnutrition vitamin deficiencies anemia osteoporosis from too little vitamin D and calcium What is a calorie? - ✔✔-the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius What percent of calorie intake goes to digestion, physical activity and basal metabolic rate or (basic functions)? - ✔✔-digestion: 0-15% of the calorie