AP World History Mid Term Study Guide. Full Coverage, Approved

AP World History Mid Term Study Guide. Full Coverage, Approved. Neolithic Revolution - ✔✔-The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution. It follows the Paleolithic period. Pastoral ...

AP World History Mid Term Study Guide. Full Coverage, Approved. Neolithic Revolution - ✔✔-The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution. It follows the Paleolithic period. Pastoralists - ✔✔-A way of life dependent on large herds of small and large stock, predominated. Trans-Saharan Trade - ✔✔-Trading network linking North Africa with sub-saharan across the Saharan. City-State - ✔✔-A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. characteristic political form of early Mesopotamia, Archiac and Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy. Judaism - ✔✔-A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. Persian Empire - ✔✔-an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC Zoroastrianism - ✔✔-A religion originating in ancient Iran that became the official religion of the Achaemenids. It was centered on a single benevolent deity Ahuramazda. It emphasized truthtelling,purity, and reverence for nature. Castle-System - ✔✔-class distinctions based on birth, wealth, etc. Daoism - ✔✔-Chinese school of thought, originating in the Warring States Period with Laoiza. Daoism offered an alternative to the Confusian emphasis to the hierarchy and duty. Karma - ✔✔-In indian tradition, the reside of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a "sprit" and determines what form it will assume in its next life cycle. The doctrines of karma and reincarnation were used by the elite in ancient India to encourage people to accept their social position and do their duty. Nirvana - ✔✔-(Hinduism and Buddhism) the beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation Byzantine Empire - ✔✔-Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century, taken from "Byzantium," an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The city fell to the Ottomans in 1453. Hoplite - ✔✔-A heavily armored Greek infantryman of the Archaic and Classical periods who fought in the close-packed phalanx formation. Hoplite armies- militias composed of the middle- and the upperclass citizens supplying their own equipment- were for centuries superior to all military forces. Mycenaean - ✔✔-Site of a fortified palace complex in southern Greece that controlled a Late Bronze Age kingdom. In Homer's epic poems Mycenae was the base of King Agamemmon, who commanded the Greeks besieging Troy. Comtemporary archaeologists call the complex Greek society of the second millennium BCE "mycenaean" Polis - ✔✔-The Greek term for city-state, un urban center and the argicultural cultural territory under its control. Roman Empire - ✔✔-An empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire Olmec - ✔✔-The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., the Olmec people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. (86) Mesoamerica - ✔✔-"Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America Ibn Battuta - ✔✔-Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. (p. 373) Mansa Kankan Musa - ✔✔-Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324- 1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. (p. 376) Black Death - ✔✔-An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. (p. 397) Abbasid Empire - ✔✔-750-1258, Golden age of Islam, capital in Baghdad, focused on institutions and economic expansion, ethnic equality, problems were rifts with the Perisans/Shia. Hajj - ✔✔-the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah Mongols - ✔✔-A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. >(p. 325) Quran - ✔✔-Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam. Shi'ites - ✔✔-Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran. (See also Sunnis.) (pp. 225, 531) Ka'bah - ✔✔-sacred stone in the center of Mecca around which muslims are to walk during their pilgrimage Umma - ✔✔-The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventhcentury Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. (p. 231) Dhow - ✔✔-Charactersitic cargo and passenger ships of the Arabian Sea. Delhi Sultanate - ✔✔-Centralized Indian empire of varying extent created by Muslim invaders Grand Canal - ✔✔-The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. (p. 277) Kamakura Shogunate - ✔✔-The first of Japan's decentralized military governments. (1185-1333). Investiture Controversy - ✔✔-Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperi