EMT FISDAP Midterm Exam Study Guide (Latest 2022/2023)

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Assessment of respiratory distress - --important to perform early assessment of level of respiratory distress 1. is patient speaking in full sentences? 2. are they short of breath when they talk -i... f yes, you need to manage sxms first and obtain HPI later -Classification of breath sounds - -Breath sounds are classified into normal tracheal sound, normal lung sound or vesicular breath sounds, and bronchial breath sound. Bronchial breath sounds are further subdivided into three types: Tubular, cavernous, and amphoric. -Signs and symptoms of emphysema - -barrel chest pursed lip breathing dyspnea on exertion -Signs and symptoms of epiglottitis - -Fever, drooling, difficulty swallowing **tripod position - child leans over and jaw is thrust out to take in air, child refuses to lie down** enlarged round epiglottis on lateral neck x-ray -Signs and symptoms of pneumonia - -exertional dyspnea, a productive cough, chest discomfort and pain, wheezing, headache, nausea and vomiting, musculoskeletal pain, weight loss, and confusion -Signs and symptoms of simple pneumothorax - -shortness of breath. chest pain, which may be more severe on one side of the chest. sharp pain when inhaling. pressure in the chest that gets worse over time. blue discoloration of the skin or lips. increased heart rate. rapid breathing. -Treatment of an asthma patient - -open constricted airways, dry secretions and reduce inflammation. Nebulized albuterol, connected to oxygen at 6-8 LPM, is the first EMS treatment for asthma. Albuterol stimulates beta-2 receptor sites to causes rapid bronchodilation. -Fundamentals of operating an AED - -1). Turn on the AED and follow the visual and/or audio prompts. 2). Open the person's shirt and wipe his or her bare chest dry. If the person is wearing any medication patches, you should use a gloved (if possible) hand to remove the patches before wiping the person's chest. 3). Attach the AED pads, and plug in the connector (if necessary). 4). Make sure no one is, including you, is touching the person. Tell everyone to "stand clear." 5). Push the "analyze" button (if necessary) and allow the AED to analyze the person's heart rhythm. 6). If the AED recommends that you deliver a shock to the person, make sure that no one, including you, is touching the person - and tell everyone to "stand clear." Once clear, press the "shock" button. 7). Begin CPR after delivering the shock. Or, if no shock is advised, begin CPR. Perform 2 minutes (about 5 cycles) of CPR and continue to follow the AED's prompts. If you notice obvious signs of life, discontinue CPR and monitor breathing for any changes in condition. -Signs and symptoms of a stroke - -facial drooping sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, leg or one side of the body loss of movement and sensation on one side of the body speech disorders aphasia sudden and severe headache trouble walking confusion, combativeness tongue deviation -Signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure - --Cough (frequent, productive, hemoptysis) -Progressive dyspnea with exertion -Orthopnea -Pitting edema of legs and feet or generalized edema of face, hands, or sacral area -Heart palpitations -Progressive fatigue or syncope with exertion -Moist rales in lower lobes, indicating pulmonary edema -Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock - -chest pain irregular weak pulse/low BP cyanosis cool clammy skin anxiety rales in breathing pulmonary edema/possibly short of breath -Treatment of witnessed cardiac arrest - -Initial treatment of the cardiac arrest patient begins with prompt initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). CPR is the mainstay in the treatment of the cardiac arrest patient. -Treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - -acute treatment options include supplemental oxygen, nitroglycerin, intravenous morphine, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins. -Treatment of adverse reactions to nitroglycerin administration - -the patient may be feeling headache, weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, treatment would be aspirin -Treatment of unstable angina - -nitroglycerin -Components of quality improvement - -retrospective (reviewing patient care reports after the call); concurrent (real-time auditing of patient care during calls); prospective (doing things prior to the call to better prepare EMS personnel to provide a higher standard of patient care); -Documenting patient intervention - -Your documentation of a patient's refusal to undergo a test or intervention should include: an assessment of the patient's competence to make decisions, a statement indicating a lack of coercion; a description of your discussion with him (or her) regarding the need for the treatment, alternatives to treatment, possible risks of treatment, and potential consequences of refusal; and a summary of the patient's reasons for refusal (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion and case series) [Show More]

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