"Great Man" ✔✔A nineteenth-century theory proposed by Thomas Carlyle that states that
history is largely explained by the impact of great men or heroes and their superior intellect and
other attributes. You are either
...
"Great Man" ✔✔A nineteenth-century theory proposed by Thomas Carlyle that states that
history is largely explained by the impact of great men or heroes and their superior intellect and
other attributes. You are either born to be a leader or not.
360 Evaluation ✔✔A process through which feedback from an employee's subordinates,
colleagues and supervisors as well as a self-evaluation by the employee themselves is gathered
Accounts Receivable ✔✔Money owed to a company by its debtors
Acquisitiveness ✔✔Excessive interest in acquiring money or material objects
Affiliative ✔✔The need to form social or emotional bonds with others
Allocation ✔✔To distribute or to give each person a portion of something.Assets ✔✔Property owned by an organization or individual; used to pay off liabilities
Assumptions ✔✔Anything that is accepted as true or certain to happen, without proof
Attributes ✔✔A quality or feature of something.
Attrition ✔✔It is not to replace employees when they leave
Authoritarian ✔✔To act in a dictatorial manner. Enforcing strict obedience.
Balance sheet ✔✔A statement of assets, liabilities, and capital for an organization at a particular
point in time
Behavioral theory ✔✔Behavioral theory is based on the premise that behaviors are conditioned
as a result of experiences with the environment; anyone can be trained to behave in a preferred
way.Bias ✔✔A prejudice in favor or against one thing, person or group compared to another, usually
in a way that is considered unfair or unjust
Bottom-Up Approach ✔✔Starts with the employees. They are surveyed as the main users of a
system to gather information on how to implement a change
Business Indicators ✔✔Numbers that may indicate a positive or negative trend. Examples
include demand for product, profit margin, revenue, professional development levels of
workforce, market share, amount of debt, and deals finalized by the sales team.
Business Units ✔✔A logical segment of a business representing a specific business function and
which has its own vision, strategy, and direction
Capital Assets ✔✔Capital assets are significant pieces of property such as buildings, cars,
investment properties, stocks and bonds
Cash Disbursements ✔✔The money paid out by an organization to settle an obligation
Cash Receipts ✔✔The money received by an organization as payment for a good or serviceCentral-Tendency ✔✔The tendency for data to move toward the mean value over time. Central
tendency is also a measure of a single value that describes how data cluster around a central
value. This value can be used to represent a sample.
Change Management Process ✔✔Includes all of the processes involved to prepare, support, and
lead individuals, groups, or organizations in making a change
Channel richness ✔✔The ability of the channel to handle multiple cues at the same time, to
provide rapid feedback, and to facilitate a more personal conversation
Cloud Technologies ✔✔Any hosted services delivered over the internet. There are three broad
groups of services: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software
as a Service (SaaS)
Commodity ✔✔A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought or sold. A
commodity is a basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other basic goodsContingency Theory ✔✔predicts that effective leaders are those whose personal traits match the
needs of the situation; a ___________ is a future event or circumstance that cannot be predicted
with absolute certainty
Contract employee ✔✔An individual retained by a company for a particular purpose, price, and
time period. Since a contract worker is not an employee, the company does not provide
traditional employee benefits
Costs ✔✔Financial measure of the resources used or given up to achieve a stated purpose
Culture change ✔✔The behavior of humans interacting in a group or organization and the
meaning they assign to that behavior. It may include the company vision, values, norms,
systems, symbols, language, beliefs, and habits. Culture is ingrained and therefore very difficult
to change
Currency exchange rate ✔✔The value of two currencies in relation to each other. The rate of
which usually depends on supply and demand
Database management ✔✔The system of software that is used to create, retrieve, update, and
manage large amounts of dataDecentralize operations ✔✔The daily operations decision-making responsibility are delated by
top managers to middle or lower level managers. Top-level managers can then focus more on
strategical planning
Depreciation ✔✔A reduction in the value of an asset over the passage of time
Differentiated / differentiation ✔✔A specialized product that is created to attain a competitive
advantage in a specific segment of the market; Coach handbags margins are high due to the
markup on each bag to cover marketing costs rather than production
Dividends ✔✔A sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits
Durable goods ✔✔Goods not for immediate consumption that are able to be kept for a long
period of time
Economies of scale / cost leadership ✔✔A savings in costs to produce a product due to the
ability to produce it in large amounts or numbers; cost leadership pertains to a firm's ability tocreate economies of scale through efficient operations that produce a large volume; Walmart,
McDs, P&G
Effectively ✔✔To do something in a manner to achieve the best possible results.
Efficiently ✔✔To do something in a way that achieves the maximum level of productivity with a
minimum level of wasted expense or effort.
Emergent ✔✔Change that is not planned. This change comes about in response to a need to
change processes
Encoding ✔✔The process of converting information into a particular form
Enterprise resource planning ✔✔A suite of software that allows an organization to automate
many of the traditional office functions especially technology, services, and human resources
Entrepreneur ✔✔A person who owns and operates his or her own business.Equity ✔✔Value of a property after debt is deducted or the value of shares of stock issued by a
company
Financial accounting ✔✔A branch of accounting that uses standardized processes to prepare
financial documents, such as an income statement and balance sheet, for external review and use
Focus groups ✔✔A diverse group of people who are brought together to have a guided
discussion and provide feedback regarding a plan for a new initiative or product
Forecast ✔✔The act of predicting business activity for a future period of time
Functional ✔✔An organizational structure where workers are grouped by skills or knowledge
Furloughs ✔✔A temporary leave of absence. It can be used by organizations as a temporary
laying off without pay to decrease expenses
Gross national product ✔✔The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a
given yearHalo-effect ✔✔The tendency for an impression in one area to influence opinions in another area
Heuristics ✔✔An approach to problem solving that uses a more practical method. Usually used
as an aid to learning or discovery. These cognitive short-cuts can lead to biases
Income statement ✔✔A summary of all of an organization's revenues and expenses during a
predefined period of time
Innate ✔✔Inborn. Something you are born with.
Interaction model of communication ✔✔The interaction model is like two transmission models
stacked on top of each other with feedback. The feedback is not simultaneous
Inventory ✔✔A complete list of items such as property, goods in stock, and the contents of a
building
Inventory financing ✔✔Using inventory as a collateral for a loan if the business does not sell its
products and cannot repay its loansIrrationality ✔✔Acting, thinking, or talking in a way that is illogical or unreasonable.
Just-in-time inventory system ✔✔An inventory method designed to increase efficiency, decrease
wastes, and cut costs by only having the inventory on hand that is currently needed to fill orders
Key performance indicators ✔✔A measurement of how effectively a company is achieving its
key business objectives
Laissez-faire ✔✔A policy of letting things happen as they would. Not interfering.
LEAN ✔✔An organization focused on customer value. The organization focuses its processes
on incrementally increasing customer by value
Learning organization ✔✔The business term given to a company that facilitates the learning of
its members and continually transforms itself
Liabilities ✔✔State of responsibility for something. What an organization or individual owes;
may include a requirement to pay cash, transfer assets, or provide services to someone else.Managerial accounting ✔✔Also called cost accounting, a means of using accounting to align
processes with the organization's goals. It is intended for internal use and used to provide
management with important information to assist in decision-making and running the business.
Market capitalization ✔✔The total value of a company based on the company's outstanding
shares of stock multiplied by the current share price
Market position ✔✔The customer's perception of a brand or product in relation to its competition
Market segmentation ✔✔The process of dividing a market of potential customers into groups or
segments
Master budget ✔✔Budget composed of all the lower level budgets, financial statements, cash
flow, and financial plans
Matrix ✔✔An organizational structure in which the reporting relationships are set up in a grid
instead of the more traditional hierarchy
Mechanistic ✔✔A hierarchal organizational structure with central authority
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