Chapter 13—OBSERVING PATTERNS IN INHERITED TRAITS. All the Answers Ever

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Multiple Choice 1. In Mendel's time, most people believed that a. all genetic traits bred true. b. only certain forms of domesticated plants and animals bred true. c. the characteristic... s of parents were blended in the offspring. d. acquired characteristics were inherited. e. the inheritance of traits was controlled by factors in blood. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 2. In Exhibit 13.4, homologous chromosomes are indicated by a. A and B. b. C and D. c. C and E . d. D and E. e. D and F. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: Modified 3. In Exhibit 13.4, alleles are indicated by a. A and B. b. C and D, E, and F. c. A, C, and E. d. C and E, D and F. e. B, D, and F. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: Modified 4. A locus is a. a recessive gene. b. an unmatched allele. c. a sex chromosome. d. the location of an allele on a chromosome. e. a dominant gene. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 5. Alternative forms of a gene at a given locus are called a. chiasmata. b. alleles. c. autosomes. d. loci. e. chromatids. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 6. Which indicates homozygous genotypes? a. aa b. Aa c. AA d. AA and Aa e. AA and aa : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 7. The primary characteristics of cystic fibrosis include a. sickling of red blood cells and pain in the extremities. b. defective connective tissues. c. development of malignant cells. d. buildup of mucus in the lungs and certain internal organs. e. extreme fever and diarrhea. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.7 Application: Menacing mucus KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 8. A person with one copy of a mutated CFTR gene will a. have sickle cell anemia. b. have cystic fibrosis. c. have muscular dystrophy. d. be healthy. e. survive but be in poor health. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.7 Application: Menacing mucus KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 9. Which genotypes show dominant phenotypes? a. aa b. Aa c. AA d. Aa and AA e. AA and aa : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 10. If R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will a. be homozygous. b. display the same phenotype as the RR parent. c. display the same phenotype as the rr parent. d. have the same genotype as the RR parent. e. have the same genotype as the rr parent. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 11. If tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d) in plants and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, then what kind of offspring will be produced? a. all intermediate forms b. all tall c. all dwarf d. 1/2 tall, 1/2 dwarf e. 3/4 tall, 1/4 dwarf : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 12. If tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d) in plants and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, then what kind of offspring will be produced? a. all Dd b. all DD c. all dd d. 1/2 DD, 1/2 Dd e. 1/2 Dd, 1/2 dd : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: Modified 13. Short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l). If a short-haired animal of unknown genotype is crossed with a long-haired animal and they produce one long-haired and one short-haired offspring, the results would indicate that a. the short-haired animal was homozygous. b. the short-haired animal was heterozygous. c. the long-haired animal was heterozygous. d. both the long-haired and short haired animals were heterozygous. e. none of these can be determined with these two offspring. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze NOTES: Modified 14. A testcross involves a. two individuals with dominant traits b. two homozygous dominant individuals c. two homozygous recessive individuals d. an individual with a dominant trait and a heterozygous individual e. an individual with a dominant trait and a homozygous recessive individual : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.2 How are alleles distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 15. If all the offspring of a testcross are alike and resemble the organism being tested, then that parent is a. homozygous dominant. b. homozygous recessive. c. heterozygous. d. recessive. e. incompletely dominant. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.2 How are alleles distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 16. The role of meiosis in the law of segregation is that a. it ensures that both alleles of a gene end up in the same gamete. b. it allows crossing over to occur. c. it separates sister chromatids and exact copies of genes. d. it separates homologous chromosomes and therefore gene alleles into separate gametes. e. it allows genes to be duplicated. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.2 How are alleles distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 17. If a pure-breeding long-tail cat (LL) is crossed with a pure-breeding cat with no tail (rumpy, ll), and a cat with a short tail (stumpy) is produced, the simplest explanation is a. a mutation. b. an X-linked gene. c. an incompletely dominant gene. d. a lethal gene. e. chromosomal aberration. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 18. If short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l), then what fraction of the offspring produced by a cross of Ll X ll will be homozygous dominant? a. 1/2 b. 1/4 c. 1/3 d. none e. all : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: Modified 19. Some dogs have erect ears; others have drooping ears. Some dogs bark when following a scent; others are silent. Erect ears and barking are due to dominant alleles located on different chromosomes. A dog homozygous for both dominant traits is mated to a droopy-eared, silent follower. The phenotypic ratio expected in the F1 generation is a. 9:3:3:1. b. 100 percent of one phenotype. c. 1:1. d. 1:2:1. e. none of these. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 20. Mendel's law of independent assortment states that _____. a. the two alleles on homologous chromosomes that influence a single trait segregate into separate gametes during meiosis b. maternal and paternal alleles are blended in the offspring c. gene pairs on homologous chromosomes segregate into gametes independently of gene pairs on other homologous chromosomes d. each gene has a specific chromosomal locus e. one allele is always dominant over another allele : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 21. In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If a solid red male was crossed with a solid black female to produce a spotted red puppy, the genotypes of the parents (with male genotype first) would be a. Bb Ss X Bb Ss. b. bb Ss X Bb Ss. c. bb ss X Bb Ss. d. bb Ss X Bb ss. e. Bb ss X Bb ss. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 22. In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If a red spotted male was crossed with a black solid female and all the offspring from several crosses were only black and solid, the genotype of the female would be a. BB SS. b. Bb SS. c. Bb Ss. d. BB Ss. e. bb ss : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: Modified 23. In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). In the F2 generation of a cross between BB ss with bb SS, what fraction of the offspring would be expected to be black and spotted? a. 1/16 b. 9/16 c. 1/9 d. 3/16 e. 3/4 : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 24. Assume short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l) and black hair (B) is dominant to brown (b). If you found a black short-haired animal, you could determine its genotype by crossing it to an animal with a genotype of a. LL BB. b. ll BB. c. ll Bb. d. ll bb. e. LL bb. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.2 How are alleles distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 25. In the F2 generation of a cross of DD RR with dd rr, the most common genotype would be a. DD RR. b. Dd RR. c. Dd Rr. d. dd RR. e. dd Rr. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 26. All of the traits Mendel studied in pea plants assorted into gametes independently, although some were actually located on the same chromosome. Which process separated these genes from each other, allowing for this assortment? a. codominance b. pleiotropy c. epistasis d. crossing over e. mitosis : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 27. If two genes are on the same chromosome, a. crossing over occurs frequently. b. they assort independently. c. they are in the same linkage group. d. they are segregated during meiosis. e. an inversion will usually occur. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 28. A linkage group is composed of: a. all traits that are controlled by one gene. b. all genes that control one trait. c. all genes on all chromosomes within a cell. d. all genes on a chromosome. e. all genes that get segregated during meiosis. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 29. In radishes, red is dominant (RR), white is recessive (rr) and purple color results in heterozygotes (Rr). This is an example of: a. incomplete dominance b. codominance c. pleiotropy d. epistasis e. Mendelian inheritance pattern : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 30. Mendel's dihybrid crosses, but not his monohybrid crosses, showed that a. some genes were linked together. b. the two alleles controlling a trait were divided equally among the gametes. c. gene pairs are sorted into gametes independently of other gene pairs. d. one of the pair of alleles is dominant to the other. e. the crossing of two different homozygous forms will not produce any offspring in the first generation that will look like either of the parents. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 31. If a child belonged to blood type O, he or she could not have been produced by which set of parents? a. type A mother and type B father b. type A mother and type O father c. type AB mother and type O father d. type O mother and type O father e. type O mother and type B father : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 32. Susan, a mother with type B blood, has a child with type O blood. She claims that Craig, who has type A blood, is the father. He claims that he cannot possibly be the father. Further blood tests ordered by the judge reveal that Craig is AA. What can we predict about the judge's ruling? a. Susan is right and Craig will be ordered to pay child support. b. Craig is right and will not be ordered to pay child support. c. Susan cannot be the real mother of the child; an error was likely made at the hospital. d. Craig is likely to be the father but the blood tests are inadequate proof. e. The judge will not be able to reach a decision based on the limited data available. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 33. Coat color in one breed of mice is controlled by incompletely dominant alleles so that yellow and white are homozygous, while cream is heterozygous. The cross of two cream individuals will produce a. all cream offspring. b. equal numbers of white and yellow mice, but no cream. c. equal numbers of white and cream mice. d. equal numbers of yellow and cream mice. e. equal numbers of white and yellow mice, with twice as many creams as the other two colors. : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 34. If shape and color of radishes are both due to genes with incompletely dominant alleles, crossing two dihybrid heterozygotes will produce how many different phenotypes? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 9 : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 35. In fruit flies, red eyes (R) are dominant to sepia eyes (r) and the presence of wings (A) is dominant to wingless (a) flies. If two flies heterozygous for each trait are crossed (RrAa X RrAa), how many different phenotypes would be produced in the offspring? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 9 : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 36. A gene that produces multiple effects is called a(n) a. multiple allele. b. autosome. c. epistatic gene. d. pleiotropic gene. e. incompletely dominant gene. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 37. Pleiotropic genes a. act on secondary sexual characteristics. b. influence more than one aspect of phenotype. c. are additive. d. produce lethal effects when homozygous. e. are multiple genes that influence one trait. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 38. A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is a representation of a. incomplete dominance. b. continuous variation. c. multiple alleles. d. epistasis. e. environmental effects on phenotypes. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.6 Do all traits occur in distinct forms? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 39. The CFTR gene encodes a protein that a. participates in the electron transfer chain in mitochondria. b. transports oxygen throughout the body. c. functions as a receptor that alerts the body to the presence of bacteria. d. moves chloride ions out of epithelial cells. e. functions as a receptor that alerts the body to the presence of bacteria and moves chloride ions out of epithelial cells. : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.7 Application: Menacing mucus KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember Selecting the Exception 40. Four of the five s listed below are accepted as valid explanations of genetic behavior. Select the exception. a. blending b. dominance c. segregation d. independent assortment e. probability : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 41. The ABO gene is an example of a(n): a. incomplete dominant system b. three different genes that control one trait c. multiple gene system d. multiple allele system e. mutilple chromosome system. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian fashion? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze NOTES: New 42. Someone with type AB blood could have which combination of alleles? a. A and A b. A and B c. B and B d. A and O e. B and O : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 43. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that arises from the mutation in a single gene. This gene, however, has multiple effects in the body. It affects tissue composition of the heart, skin, blood vessels, tendons, etc. This gene is an example of a(n): a. multiple allele system. b. epistatic gene. c. pleiotropic gene. d. dominant allele. e. environmentally controlled gene. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 44. Suppose that researchers find a difference in methylation patterns of one gene between two individuals. What may have influenced this difference? a. environment b. gene sequence c. gene expression controls d. translation controls e. chance : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13.5 Does the environment affect phenotype? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New Matching the question(s) using the group of s below. a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 12 e. 24 REFERENCES: Section 13.3 How are gene pairs distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 45. In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb) and a parent that is homozygous dominant for one gene and heterozygous for the other (AA Bb), how many unique genotypes potentially will be present in their offspring? : b POINTS: 1 46. In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb) and a parent that is homozygous recessive for one gene and heterozygous for the other (aa Bb), how many unique phenotypes potentially will be present in their offspring? : a POINTS: 1 47. In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb) and a parent that is a double homozygous recessive (aa bb), how many unique phenotypes potentially will be present in their offspring? : a POINTS: 1 48. Plant species X is diploid (2n = 24) and has a quantitative trait, the expression of which is controlled by gene loci on each of its chromosomes. What is the maximum number of alleles for this trait that any one individual of species X could have? : e POINTS: 1 Match the term with the most appropriate description. a. codominance b. multiple allele system c. epistasis d. pleiotropy e. linkage group f. incomplete dominance REFERENCES: Section 13.4 Are all genes inherited in a mendelian pattern? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 49. Full and separate phenotypic effects of two alleles are both apparent in heterozygotes. : a POINTS: 1 50. A single gene affects multiple traits. : d POINTS: 1 51. A trait is influenced by multiple genes. : c POINTS: 1 52. All genes are on one chromosome. : e POINTS: 1 53. Three or more alleles exist for a gene. : b POINTS: 1 54. The heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend between the two homozygous phenotypes. : f POINTS: 1 Match the term with the description that fits best: a. genotype b. phenotype c. locus d. allele e. heterozygous f. homozygous REFERENCES: Section 13.1 How do alleles contribute to traits? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 55. One version of a gene. d POINTS: 1 56. Where a gene is found on a chromosome. 57. Having two different alleles. 58. The combination of alleles that a person has for a particular gene. : a POINTS: 1 59. Having two identical alleles. 60. The visible trait that a person has for a certain gene. : b POINTS: 1 Subjective Short 61. Which is easier to establish, a pure-breeding population of a dominant or of a recessive allele? 62. If wire hair (W) is dominant to smooth hair (w) and you find a wire-haired puppy, how would you determine its genotype by a genetic breeding experiment? Give both the genotype and phenotype involved with the cross with the unknown. 63. If black fur color is controlled by a dominant allele (B) and brown by its recessive allele (b), give the genotypes of the parents and offspring of a cross of a black male with a brown female that produces 1/2 black offspring and 1/2 brown offspring. 64. In humans, normal skin pigmentation is controlled by a dominant gene (C), which allows pigmentation to develop. All individuals who are homozygous for the recessive allele (c) are unable to produce an enzyme needed for melanin formation and are therefore referred to as albino. Two normal parents produce an albino child. What are the chances that the next child will have albinism? 65. The allele for albinism (c) is recessive to the allele for normal pigmentation (C). A normally pigmented woman whose father is an albino marries an albino man whose parents are normal. They have three children, two normal and one albino. Give the genotypes for each person listed. 66. In garden peas, one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant and a second pair of alleles controls flower color. The allele for tall (D) is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d), and the allele for purple (P) is dominant to the allele for white (p). A tall plant with white flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with purple flowers produces all tall offspring with purple flowers. What are the genotypes of the parents? 67. In horses, black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B) and chestnut coat color by the recessive allele (b). Trotting gait is due to a dominant gene (T), pacing gait to the recessive allele (t). What color horse would you use to find out the genotype of a black trotter? Give the genotype and phenotype. 68. Crosses between a yellow rat and another yellow rat always produce yellow. Crosses between a white rat and another white rat always produce white. The alleles affect the same aspect of coat color. The crosses of a white with a yellow produce a cream. What is this form of inheritance called? What happens if you cross two creams? 69. Assume red plants crossed with white plants give rise to pink plants. Explain how to eliminate red alleles if you start with two pinks. 70. There are three alleles controlling the ABO blood types. I A and I B are codominant genes so that the combination I A I B produces the AB blood type. The third allele i is recessive to the other two alleles. Indicate which of these parents could produce the given child. Parents Child Yes or No (a) A X AB B (b) A X O A (c) A X B O (d) A X AB O (e) A X AB B (f) B X B O (g) AB X AB A 71. In sweet peas, genes C and P are necessary for colored flowers. In the absence of either (pp or cc), or both (cc pp), the flowers are white. What will be the color of the offspring of the crosses in what proportions for the following? (a) Cc Pp X cc pp (b) Cc Pp X Cc Pp (c) Cc PP X Cc pp (d) Cc pp X cc Pp 72. In mice the allele for colored fur (C) is dominant to the allele for albinism (c). The allele (W) for normal behavior is dominant to that for waltzing movement (w). Give the probable genotypes of the parents if they produced the offspring listed after the following crosses: (a) Colored normal X white waltzer produced 10 colored normal, 8 colored waltzers, 2 white waltzers, and 11 white normal. (b) Colored normal X white normal produced 35 colored normal, and 13 colored waltzers. (c) Colored normal X colored normal produced 37 colored normal, 14 colored waltzers, 9 white normal, and 5 white waltzers. 73. In the illustration, which genes would be the most likely to stay together during meiosis? a. A & B b. B & C c. C & D d. A & D e. B & C 74. What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance? 75. How is eye color inherited in humans? 76. Mendel crossed a true-breeding pea plant with green pods and a true-breeding pea plant with yellow pods. All offspring had green pods. Which color is recessive? 77. Assuming that indepentent assortment occurs during meiosis, what type(s) of gametes will form in individuals with the following gentoypes? a. AABB b. AaBB c. Aabb d. AaBb : a. AB b. Ab, aB c. Ab, ab d. AB, Ab, aB, ab POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 13. 2 How are alleles distributed into gametes? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze 78. How does environment influence phenotype? 79. Mutations in specific gene regions have been linked to several prominent psychiatric disorders including depression. However, most people that have this mutation do not develop depression. What other factor is involved in whether a disorder develops or not? Essay 80. Describe the difference between segregation and independent assortment. 81. Some traits have just two forms, for example, tongue rolling: you can either role your tongue or you cannot. However, many other traits do not occur in distinct forms and some traits occur in a range of small differences. This is called continuous variation and is demonstrated in the figure. Explain some factors that contribute to traits with continuous variation. [Show More]

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