Chapter 14—HUMAN INHERITANCE. All Answers

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Multiple Choice 1. In humans, skin cell organelles called _____ produce pigment. a. vesicles b. melanosomes c. endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi bodies e. lysosomes b POINTS: ... 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.7 Application: Shades of skin KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 2. In a pedigree chart, a male showing the specific trait being studied is indicated by a a. darkened square. b. clear square. c. darkened diamond. d. clear triangle. e. darkened circle. a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.1 How do we study inheritance patterns in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 3. In a pedigree chart, a female who does not demonstrate the trait being studied is represented by a a. darkened square. b. clear diamond. c. clear circle. d. darkened triangle. e. darkened oval. c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.1 How do we study inheritance patterns in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 4. Which genetic disorders is not a polygenic trait? a. asthma b. obesity c. multiple sclerosis d. schizophrenia e. cystic fibrosis e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.1 How do we study inheritance patterns in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 5. Alleles associated with Tay-Sach’s disease have mutations that cause a(n) a. altered form of lamin. b. alteration of a protein needed for brain cell development. c. form of dwarfism. d. absence of pigmentation. e. malfunction of a lysosomal enzyme. e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.1 How do we study inheritance patterns in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 6. Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. A colorblind woman and a man with normal vision have a son. What is the probability that the son is colorblind? a. 100 percent b. 75 percent c. 50 percent d. 25 percent e. 0 percent a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.1 How do we study inheritance patterns in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 7. If a daughter has an X-linked recessive disorder, such as color-blindness, she inherited the trait from: a. her mother. b. her father. c. both parents. d. neither parent. e. her grandmother. c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.1 How do we study inheritance patterns in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 8. A human X-linked recessive gene may be a. found on the Y chromosome. b. passed to daughters from their fathers. c. passed to sons from their fathers. d. expressed more commonly among females. e. passed to daughters and sons from their fathers. b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.1 How do we study inheritance patterns in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 9. An X-linked recessive carrier is a a. homozygous dominant female. b. heterozygous female. c. homozygous recessive female. d. homozygous male. e. heterozygous male. b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.2 How do we know when a trait is affected by an allele on an autosome? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 10. Which disorder is more common in males? a. albinism b. hemophilia c. progeria d. Huntington's disease e. Sickle cell anemia b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.3 How do we know when a trait is affected by an allele on an X chromosome? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 11. A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDCDEFG afterward is an example of a. inversion. b. deletion. c. duplication. d. translocation. e. crossing over. c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 12. A chromosome that has been broken and rejoined in a reversal sequence has undergone a. inversion. b. deletion. c. duplication. d. translocation. e. crossing over. a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 13. A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABCFG after is an example of a. inversion. b. deletion. c. duplication. d. translocation. e. crossing over. b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 14. A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABCGFED after is an example of a. inversion. b. deletion. c. duplication. d. translocation. e. crossing over. a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 15. The condition occurring when an organism has a full set of chromosomes (2n) + 1 chromosome is known as a. monosomy. b. trisomy. c. diploid. d. haploid. e. diploidy. b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 16. Down syndrome involves trisomy of this chromosome: a. 3. b. 5. c. 15. d. 19. e. 21. e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 17. The sex chromosome composition of a person with Turner syndrome is a. XXX. b. XO. c. XXY. d. XYY. e. XY. b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 18. The sex chromosome composition of a person with Klinefelter syndrome is a. XXX. b. XO. c. XXY. d. XYY. e. XY. c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 19. Suppose a hemophilic male (X-linked recessive allele) and a female carrier for the hemophilic trait have a nonhemophilic daughter with Turner syndrome. Nondisjunction could have occurred in a. both parents. b. neither parent. c. the father only. d. the mother only. e. none of these. c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 20. Males who tend to be taller than average and show mild mental retardation may have the ____ chromosome complement. a. XXY b. XYY c. Turner syndrome d. Down syndrome e. XY b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 21. Amniocentesis involves sampling a. the fetus directly. b. the fetal cells floating in the amniotic fluid. c. sperm. d. blood cells. e. placental cells. b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 22. Amniocentesis is a. a surgical means of repairing deformities. b. a form of chemotherapy that modifies or inhibits gene expression or the function of gene products. c. used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and disorders in embryos. d. a form of gene replacement therapy. e. a pre-conception test. c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.4 How does chromosome structure change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 23. Which membrane that helps form the placenta and can yield cells for early prenatal diagnosis? a. amnion b. amniotic fluid c. allantois d. chorion e. yolk sac d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 24. Symptoms of phenylketonuria (PKU) may be minimized or suppressed by a diet low in a. serine. b. glycine. c. phenylalanine. d. proline. e. glutamic acid. c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember Selecting the Exception 25. Four of the five answers listed below are caused by recessive genes. Select the exception. a. Huntington disorder b. phenylketonuria c. color blindness d. hemophilia e. albinism a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Selecting the Exception 26. Four of the five answers listed below are related conditions in which abnormal numbers of chromosomes are present. Select the exception. a. Turner syndrome b. Down syndrome c. nondisjunction d. Huntington's disease e. trisomy d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Selecting the Exception NOTES: Modified 27. Four of the five answers listed below are conditions caused by chromosomal nondisjunction. Select the exception. a. Down syndrome b. Hemophilia c. Turner syndrome d. Klinefelter syndrome e. Trisomy 21 b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BCA.SES.11 Bloom's: knowled - Bloom's: knowledge KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Selecting the Exception NOTES: Modified 28. When studying a single-gene inherited disorder such as Huntington's disease, researchers may construct a chart to look for family connections. What type of chart is this? a. pedigree b. family history c. family tree d. linkage map e. genetic a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 29. When a baby is born with six fingers, the doctor may explain to the parents that this trait is a genetic ____, or a rare version of a trait. a. disorder b. mutation c. abnormality d. disease e. event c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 30. The inheritance of a certain allele of a gene that leads to medical problems indicates a genetic ____. a. malfunction b. version c. abnormality d. sickness e. disorder e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 31. Which trait listed below would be considered a genetic abnormality, rather than a genetic disorder? a. polydactyly b. cystic fibrosis c. hemophilia d. progeria e. neurofibromitosis a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 32. As in the case for all autosomal dominant disorders, if one parent has the disorder acondroplasia but the other parent does not, what are the chances of their offspring having acondroplasia? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0% c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 33. A male and female both have the autosomal dominant allele for Huntington's disease. What is the likelihood that their offspring would have Huntington's disease? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0% a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 34. A man and woman undergo genetic testing before conceiving a child. They discover that they are both carriers for Tay-Sachs disease, which is an autosomal recessive trait. What are the chances that their offspring will be a carrier for Tay Sachs disease as well? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0% c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 35. A man and woman undergo genetic testing before conceiving a child. They discover that only the male is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease, which is an autosomal recessive trait. What are the chances that their offspring will be a carrier for Tay Sachs disease as well? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0% c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 36. Which X-linked recessive trait affects an individual's blood clotting ability? a. galactosemia b. hemophilia A c. Duchenne muscular dystrophy d. X-linked anhydrotic dysplasia e. sickle cell anemia b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 37. Which DNA segments can spontaneously move to another chromosome region? a. restriction enzymes b. transposable elements c. operons d. mobile genes e. transfer segments b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 38. Sometimes homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in one daughter cell with an extra chromosome and one daughter cell missing a chromosome. This failure of chromosome separation is called: a. nondisjunction b. non-separation c. disjunction d. homologue attachment e. meiosis I failure a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New Matching Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. a species with three or more complete sets of chromosomes b. (2n -1); a gamete deprived of a chromosome c. when too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome are inherited d. (2n +1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 39. anuploid c POINTS: 1 40. polyploid a POINTS: 1 41. monosomy b POINTS: 1 42. trisomy d POINTS: 1 Match the cause of the disorder with the disorder. a. autosomal recessive inheritance b. nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair c. X-linked recessive inheritance d. nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes e. autosomal dominant inheritance REFERENCES: Section 14.5 What are the effects of chromosome number changes in humans? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 43. Down syndrome b POINTS: 1 44. hemophilia c POINTS: 1 45. Turner syndrome d POINTS: 1 46. Albinism a POINTS: 1 47. Huntington's disease e POINTS: 1 Answer the question(s) in reference to the five items listed below. a. 45 b. 23 c. 24 d. 46 e. 47 REFERENCES: Section 14.6 How do we use what we know about human inheritance? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Classification Questions NOTES: Modified 48. How many chromosomes does each somatic cell have in a human male who has two X chromosomes? e POINTS: 1 49. Following a gene duplication event involving only five loci, how many chromosomes will a human have? d POINTS: 1 50. How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cells of a child born with Down syndrome (trisomy 21)? e POINTS: 1 51. How many chromosomes are present in a gamete (sperm or egg)? b POINTS: 1 52. Following nondisjunction of one chromosome in the formation of secondary spermatocytes and their subsequent fertilization of normal ova, some of the zygotes will have 47 chromosomes and others will have _____? a POINTS: 1 Answer the question(s) in reference to the five processes listed below. To answer these questions, you need to remember that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement. a. an inversion b. a deletion c. a gene duplication d. a translocation e. an addition REFERENCES: Section 14.6 How do we use what we know about human inheritance? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Classification Questions 53. A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows: Species X is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine. Species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine. Species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine. The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Y is most likely due to ____. b POINTS: 1 54. A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows: Species X is alanine, valine, threonine, alanine. Species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine. Species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine. The differences in the amino acid sequence of species Z is most likely due to ____. e POINTS: 1 Answer the question(s) in reference to the five disorders listed below: a. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria b. Turner syndrome c. Klinefelter syndrome d. hemophilia e. Down syndrome REFERENCES: Section 14.6 How do we use what we know about human inheritance? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Classification Questions NOTES: Modified 55. Affected males tend to be overweight, tall, and within a normal range of intelligence. c POINTS: 1 56. People with this disorder age too rapidly to reproduce. a POINTS: 1 57. This disorder is the result of an X-linked recessive trait. d POINTS: 1 58. This disorder is also known as trisomy 21. e POINTS: 1 59. This disorder is due to a sex chromosome abnormality probably caused by nondisjunction of sex chromosomes at meiosis. Subjective Short Answer 60. An X-linked recessive gene (c) produces red-green colorblindness. A woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind marries a colorblind man. (a) What are the possible genotypes for the mother of the colorblind man? (b) What are the possible genotypes for the father of the colorblind man? (c) What are the chances that the first son will be colorblind? (d) What are the chances that the first daughter will be colorblind? 61. In cats an X-linked pair of alleles, B and b, controls color of fur. B produces black, b produces yellow, and Bb produces tortoiseshell. (a) A yellow cat had a litter of two tortoiseshell kittens and one yellow kitten. What is the sex of the yellow kitten? (b) A tortoiseshell cat brings home a litter of black, yellow, and tortoiseshell kittens. The color of which sex would tell you the color of the tomcat that produced them? (c) A yellow male cat is crossed with a tortoiseshell female cat. If the female cat has all male kittens in her litter of four, what color(s) would they be? (d) A tortoiseshell cat brings home her litter of black, yellow, and tortoiseshell kittens. By what method could you possibly decide whether the male parent was the black tomcat next door? 62. If a father and a son are both colorblind and the mother has normal vision, is it likely that the son inherited colorblindness from his father? 63. In humans an X-linked disorder called coloboma iridia (a fissure in the iris) is a recessive trait. A normal couple has an afflicted daughter. The husband sues the wife for divorce on the grounds of infidelity. Would you find in his favor? 64. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive gene. A normal woman whose father had hemophilia marries a normal man. What are the chances of hemophilia in their children? 65. Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait. Two normal-visioned parents have a colorblind son. Indicate the genotype and phenotype of each parent and the son. The pedigree above shows the inheritance of an autosomal dominant disorder. 66. Which letter on the pedigree indicates an affected male? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 67. What is the genotype of "B"? a. aa b. Aa c. AA d. either aa or Aa e. either Aa or AA 68. What is the genotype of "D"? a. aa b. Aa c. AA d. either aa or Aa e. either Aa or AA 69. What is the chance of normal offspring from the cross "D" x "E"? a. 0 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 75 percent e. 100 percent 70. What is the chance of affected offspring from the cross "B" x "D"? a. 0 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 75 percent e. 100 percent 71. What is the chance of affected offspring from the cross "B" X "C"? a. 0 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 75 percent e. 100 percent 72. Match the following. 1. ____ Which letter corresponds to an addition? 2. ____ Which letter corresponds to a deletion? 3. ____ Which letter corresponds to an inversion? 4. ____ Which letter corresponds to a translocation? 73. Why are extra X chromosomes in females not considered a problem? 74. Is this statement true or false? A son can inherit an X-linked recessive allele from his father. 75. Why is it that some autosomal dominant disorders are passed on to offspring regularly (e.g., Huntington's disease), while other autosomal dominant disorders are not (e.g., Hutchinson-Gilford progeria)? 76. Most people are not aware of chromosomal changes that they may possess. For example, why is it that some may discover they have a chromosomal inversion once they are faced with fertility problems? 77. All chromosome pairs are similar in size and gene content except the sex chromosomes. Why are the X and Y sex chromosomes different in size and gene content? 78. Describe the benefits of darker skin color in areas of intense sunlight and lighter skin color in areas with less sunlight. Essay 79. Does the phenotype indicated by black circles and squares in the pedigree below show an inheritance pattern that is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked? 80. Human females are XX and males are XY. a. With respect to X-linked alleles, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an X-linked allele, how many types of gametes can she produce with respect to that allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked allele, how many types of gametes can she produce with respect to that allele? 81. People homozygous for the HbS allele develop sickle cell anemia. Heterozygotes have few symptoms. A couple who are both heterozygous for the HbS allele plan to have children. For each of the pregnancies, state the probability that they will have a child who is: a. homozygous for the HbS allele b. homozygous for the normal allele c. heterozygous (having the normal and the HbS allele) 82. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects connective tissue within the body. People are usually tall with long limbs but there are serious symptoms as well, including cardiac problems. The allele responsible for Marfan syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. What is the chance that any child will have Marfan syndrome if one parent does not carry the allele and the other is heterozygous? 83. The Philadelphia chromosome is an example of a chromosomal translocation, occurring between chromosomes 9 and 22. This translocation is associated with a form of cancer called chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). How could a chromosomal translocation such as this lead to cancer? [Show More]

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