Chapter 2: Biological Implications.With Answers Explained

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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. A depressed client states, “I have a chemical imbalance in my brain. I have no control over my behavior. Med ... ications are my only hope to feel normal again.” Which nursing response is appropriate? 1. “Medications only address biological factors. Environmental and interpersonal factors must also be considered.” 2. “Because biological factors are the sole cause of depression, medications will improve your mood.” 3. “Environmental factors have been shown to exert the most influence in the development of depression.” 4. “Researchers have been unable to demonstrate a link between nature (biology and genetics) and nurture (environment).” ____ 2. A client diagnosed with major depressive disorder asks, “What part of my brain controls my emotions?” Which nursing response is appropriate? 1. “The occipital lobe governs perceptions, judging them as positive or negative.” 2. “The parietal lobe has been linked to depression.” 3. “The medulla regulates key biological and psychological activities.” 4. “The limbic system is largely responsible for one’s emotional state.” ____ 3. Which part of the nervous system should a nurse identify as playing a major role during stressful situations? 1. Peripheral nervous system 2. Somatic nervous system 3. Sympathetic nervous system 4. Parasympathetic nervous system ____ 4. Which client statement reflects an understanding of circadian rhythms in psychopathology? 1. “When I dream about my mother’s horrible train accident, I become hysterical.” 2. “I get really irritable during my menstrual cycle.” 3. “I’m a morning person. I get my best work done before noon.” 4. “Every February, I tend to experience periods of sadness.” ____ 5. Which types of adoption studies should a nurse recognize as providing useful information for the psychiatric community? 1. Studies in which children with mentally ill biological parents are raised by adoptive parents who were mentally healthy 2. Studies in which children with mentally healthy biological parents are raised by adoptive parents who were mentally ill 3. Studies in which monozygotic twins from mentally ill parents were raised separately by different adoptive parents 4. Studies in which monozygotic twins were raised together by mentally ill biological parents 5. All of the above ____ 6. Six months after her husband and children were killed in a car accident, a client is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. The nurse should recognize that this situation validates which study perspective? 1. Neuroendocrinology 2. Psychoneuroimmunology 3. Diagnostic technology 4. Neurophysiology ____ 7. A withdrawn client, diagnosed with schizophrenia, expresses little emotion and refuses to attend group therapy. What altered component of the nervous system should a nurse recognize as being responsible for this behavior? 1. Dendrites 2. Axons 3. Neurotransmitters 4. Synapses ____ 8. An instructor is teaching nursing students about neurotransmitters. Which best explains the process of how neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft may return to the presynaptic neuron? 1. Regeneration 2. Reuptake 3. Recycling 4. Retransmission ____ 9. A nurse concludes that a restless, agitated client is manifesting a fight-or-flight response. The nurse should associate this response with which neurotransmitter? 1. Acetylcholine 2. Dopamine 3. Serotonin 4. Norepinephrine ____ 10. A client is admitted to a psychiatric unit with the diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia. Which of the client’s neurotransmitters should a nurse expect to be elevated? 1. Serotonin 2. Dopamine 3. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 4. Histamine ____ 11. A client’s wife of 34 years dies unexpectedly. The client cries often and becomes socially isolated. The client’s therapist encourages open discussion of feelings, proper nutrition, and exercise. What is the best rationale for the therapist’s recommendations? 1. The therapist is using an interpersonal approach. 2. The client has an alteration in neurotransmitters. 3. It is routine practice to remind clients about nutrition, exercise, and rest. 4. The client is susceptible to illness because of effects of stress on the immune system. ____ 12. Which mental illness should a nurse identify as being associated with an increase in prolactin hormone level? 1. Major depressive episode 2. Schizophrenia 3. Anorexia nervosa 4. Alzheimer’s disease ____ 13. Which cerebral structure should a nursing instructor describe to students as the “emotional brain”? 1. The cerebellum 2. The limbic system 3. The cortex 4. The left temporal lobe ____ 14. A nurse understands that the abnormal secretion of growth hormone may play a role in which illness? 1. Acute mania 2. Schizophrenia 3. Anorexia nervosa 4. Alzheimer’s disease ____ 15. A client is admitted to an emergency department experiencing memory deficits and decreased motor function. What alteration in brain chemistry should a nurse correlate with the production of these symptoms? 1. Abnormal levels of serotonin 2. Decreased levels of dopamine 3. Increased levels of norepinephrine 4. Decreased levels of acetylcholine ____ 16. A nurse should recognize that a decrease in norepinephrine levels would play a significant role in which mental illness? 1. Bipolar disorder: mania 2. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder 3. Generalized anxiety disorder 4. Major depressive episode ____ 17. A nurse should expect that an increase in dopamine activity might play a significant role in the development of which mental illness? 1. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder 2. Major depressive disorder 3. Body dysmorphic disorder 4. Parkinson’s disease Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. ____ 18. Which of the following information should a nurse include when explaining causes of anorexia nervosa to a client? (Select all that apply.) 1. There is a possible correlation between abnormal secretion of growth hormone and anorexia nervosa. 2. There is a possible correlation between antidiuretic hormone levels and anorexia nervosa. 3. There is a possible correlation between low levels of gonadotropin and anorexia nervosa. 4. There is a possible correlation between increased levels of prolactin and anorexia nervosa. 5. There is a possible correlation between altered levels of oxytocin and anorexia nervosa. ____ 19. Which of the following symptoms should a nurse associate with the development of decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in a newly admitted client? (Select all that apply.) 1. Depression 2. Fatigue 3. Increased libido 4. Mania 5. Hyperexcitability Completion Complete each statement. 20. ____________________________ is the study of the biological foundations of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes. [Show More]

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