AP World History Modern Unit 4 1450-
1750 Already Passed
Mercantilism ✔✔An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and
power by strictly regulating the economy to obtain large amounts of go
...
AP World History Modern Unit 4 1450-
1750 Already Passed
Mercantilism ✔✔An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and
power by strictly regulating the economy to obtain large amounts of gold and silver by selling
more goods than they bought and utilizing colonies
Prince Henry the Navigator ✔✔(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory
and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's
colonial empire.
Triangular Trade ✔✔Trading System between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; European
purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to colonies, new materials from colonies went to Europe
while European finished products were sold in the colonies.
Portuguese Empire ✔✔took an early lead in European exploration (sponsored by Prince Henry);
went East and established trading posts in West Africa, East Africa (Swahili City States) and India
for spice trade
Middle Passage ✔✔A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North
America and the West Indies
Silver Trade ✔✔Silver trade between the Americas and Europe and onward to China from the
16th to 18th centuries. It had a profound effect on the world economy and silver trade could also
be considered the beginning of the global economy.
Spanish Empire ✔✔Made up of territories and colonies in Europe, Africa, and Asia controlled
from Spain. At its strongest, it was one of the biggest empires in world history according to how
much land they had, and one of the 1st global empires. Royalty from the Castile and Aragon
kingdoms ruled it. Christopher Columbus led the first Spanish exploration trip which led them to
colonizing in the Americas.
East India Companies ✔✔British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government
monopolies of trade to India and Asia.
cash crop ✔✔a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. For
example tobacco.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade ✔✔The forced migration of between 12 - 15 million people from
Africa to the Western Hemisphere from the middle of the 15th century to the end of the 19th
century.
Tokugawa Shogunate ✔✔was a semi-feudal government of Japan in which one of the shoguns
unified the country under his family's rule. They moved the capital to Edo, which now is called
Tokyo. They isolated Japan from foreign influences. This family ruled from Edo 1868, when it
was abolished during the Meiji Restoration.
Zheng He ✔✔An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a
series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia
to Africa.
British East India Company ✔✔set up trading posts in India in the 1600s enabling British
economic and political interest there.
Plantation Economy ✔✔This referred to the inefficient, slave-centered economy of the South
where all land was used to grow large amounts of cash crops for export.
Indentured servitude ✔✔A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period
of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were
Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians.
Joint-stock company ✔✔A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to
individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among
many investors.
Columbian Exchange ✔✔The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the
Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
Encomienda System ✔✔It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them
work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people (but
generally exploited them) and convert them to Christianity. It was a form of coercive labor.
coercive labor ✔✔Any labor system that involves force (slavery, serfdom, and encomienda)
Daimyo ✔✔(in feudal Japan) one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun
Peninsulare ✔✔a Spanish-born Spaniard residin
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