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HIST 101 Module 1 exam question database Which of the following is a term that could be applied to many American Indian groups before European contact? (4 points) Select one: a. Enslaved b.... Coverture c. Irreligious d. Matrilineal What role did religion play in Cortés's and Columbus's explorations? (4 points) Select one: a. They were determined to convert American Indians to Christianity. b. Catholics in Spain and Italy supported their expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the Eastern trade. c. They benefited from Ferdinand's and Isabella's efforts to promote tolerance in Spain. d. Spain wanted them to find a refuge for those being driven out of the country by the Reconquista. Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America? (4 points) Select one: a. African American slaves performed most of the labor. b. Spain did not do any farming in its empire. c. American Indian slaves did the work on large-scale farms. d. Catholic priests were forbidden to be involved in farming. What motivated the Portuguese to begin exploration to find a water route to India, China, and the East Indies? (4 points) Select one: a. To prove that the world was round b. To establish land empires in India and China c. To eliminate Muslim "middlemen" in the luxury goods trade d. To find markets for Portugal's surplus manufactured goods What was the significance of Spain's New Laws of 1542? (4 points) Select one: a. Led Protestant Europeans to create the "Black Legend" about Spanish rule in the Americas b. Commanded that American Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions c. Forbade the enslavement of Africans in New Spain d. Introduced the encomienda system Which of the following explains the rise of the "hybrid culture" in the Spanish empire? (4 points) Select one: a. Forced conversion to Christianity b. Diversity of the residents c. Official policy of racial intermarriage d. Effects of epidemic disease In Yoruba traditional religions, the god Obatala created Earth and human beings. "The kindness of the seventh day, Never to leave the king, The worshiper of the father, The worshiper of the god, The worshiper of the savior, The father savior; Without a hearth, We ourselves make ourselves Children of Obatala." —Translation from an African-Brazilian Folk Song How is a combining of cultures reflected in the song excerpt? (4 points) Select one: a. The song was sung in English in the colonies. b. The Yoruba people were American Indians native to Brazil. c. The slaves of Brazil replaced their traditions with Christianity. d. The words reflect both Christian and traditional African beliefs. Why were the Spanish interested in extending their claim into North America? (4 points) Select one: a. Years after the explorations of de Soto and others, most Spanish still believed there were vast stores of gold yet to be discovered. b. They wanted to get revenge on the French and other powers by establishing bases from which they could attack trading ships. c. Bases and missions further north would help protect their land claims and trans-ocean shipping from European rivals. d. Spain was late to the Atlantic Slave Trade because of the success of American Indian enslavement and indenture. As a result of Bacon's Rebellion, "The fear of civil war among whites frightened Virginia's ruling elite, who took steps to consolidate power and improve their image: for example, restoration of property qualifications for voting, reducing taxes and adoption of a more aggressive Indian policy." —Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty!, 2014 How did English colonization affect the Iroquois Confederacy? (4 points) Select one: a. After a series of complenegotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions. b. The English destroyed the Iroquois Confederacy temporarily but revived it under Sir Edmund Andros's rule after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. c. English oppression drove the Iroquois to the side of the French, who eagerly sought their support. d. It enabled the Iroquois to build alliances with other tribes against a common enemy. Why did warfare between colonists and American Indians during the 17th century generate a sense of superiority among the colonists? (4 points) Select one: a. They were proud of their own success despite the American Indians having more sophisticated weapons. b. They considered the American Indians' style of fighting to be not just unethical but also savage. c. They saw their lack of any losses as proof that they were destined to control the land. d. They believed that the American Indians' use of the colonists' weapons was a sign of intelligence. Which of the following European events did not contribute to the Anglicization of the British colonies? (4 points) Select one: a. Reconquista b. Enlightenment c. Glorious Revolution d. Protestant Reformation Which of the following is true of the Navigation Acts for most of the 17th century? (4 points) Select one: a. They inspired enslaved people to seek employ on pirate ships. b. They led to successful colonial revolts against British rule. c. They immediately reduced smuggling in the Americas. d. They were not strictly enforced for many years. Around 7000 BCE, agriculture developed in the Americas around (4 points) Select one: a. the Mississippi Valley b. Mexico and the Andes c. the Yucatan d. the Chesapeake Bay The Columbian Exchange was (4 points) Select one: a. the agreement that documented what Christopher Columbus would give to Spanish leaders in return for their sponsorship of his travel to the New World b. the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World c. John Cabot's exploration of the New World, which brought more of the goods that Columbus had found back to the Old World d. the first store in the New World, established by John Cabot and named for Columbus Which of the following was not a motivation for European exploration and conquest of the Americas? (4 points) Select one: a. Spread of Christianity b. Potential for fame c. Desire for wealth d. Cures for disease Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that American Indians (4 points) Select one: a. were enslaved justly because they lacked true religion b. were treated well by the Spanish despite their barbarism c. should enjoy the same freedoms and protections as subjects of Spain d. should overthrow cruel Spanish masters and reestablish the Inca and Aztec empires What did the Black Legend describe? (4 points) Select one: a. English pirates along the African coast b. Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer c. Portugal as a vast trading empire d. The Aztecs' view of Cortés Which of the following is an example of syncretism as a method of cultural preservation in the Americas? (4 points) Select one: a. Enslavement b. Christianity c. Indenture d. Santería How did people in the New World empires, like the Yoruba, protect their sense of cultural identity? (4 points) Select one: a. They refused to adopt the practices of any other cultural group. b. They migrated to areas where the dominant culture was closest to their own. c. Enslaved people publicly accepted Christianity while privately maintaining traditional beliefs. d. Enslaved people refused to learn or use European language, work tools, or manners of dress. Which of the following was the strongest motivation for the European powers, such as England and France, to explore and make territorial claims in the Americas? (4 points) Select one: a. Catholic rulers feared the potential of a massive Protestant empire to crush their own empire and faith. b. They witnessed and felt threatened by the growing value of Spain's colonial economy and trade. c. It was the only way to protect their shipping and trade with the native populations in the New World. d. Monarchs saw the opportunity to incorporate thousands of American Indians as taxpaying citizens. A rising demand for sugar, rice, and tobacco led to (4 points) Select one: a. an increase in the Atlantic slave trade b. the primary raw materials for the Industrial Revolution c. a shift in economic focus from the Caribbean to colonies in North America d. the colony of New Holland, which later became known as New England Which of the following is a true statement about the people represented in this graph? (4 points) Select one: a. Most had the opportunity to obtain freedom and succeed in the colonies. b. They found various ways to resist migration and enslavement, such as escape. c. Most lost their native languages and culture within a generation of arrival. d. They experienced accepted racial and cultural mixing throughout the colonies. The development of which of the following products for trade was critical to the success of the Chesapeake colonies? (4 points) Select one: a. Fur b. Rice c. Sugar d. Tobacco Which of the following ideas about the nature of African labor in the British colonies does the image best support? (4 points) Select one: a. African enslavement was not as significant to the New England colonies, which focused on small farming. b. African labor in the colonies was very diverse, with a variety of occupations other than agriculture. c. African enslavement was a critical component of the agricultural economy in the Chesapeake colonies. d. African labor in the colonies offered opportunities for advancement and land ownership Bacon's Rebellion was a response to (4 points) Select one: a. worsening economic conditions in Virginia b. increased slavery in the Carolinas c. the Glorious Revolution in England d. the Salem witch trials Which of the following is a true statement about Nathaniel Bacon? (4 points) Select one: a. He had no connection to Virginia's wealthiest planters. b. He actually was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him. c. He won unanimous support for his effort to reduce taxes, but his effort to remove all American Indians from the colony doomed his rebellion. d. He burned down Jamestown but never succeeded in taking over the colony or driving out Governor Berkeley. Which of the following is the Native American leader Powhatan best known for? (4 points) Select one: a. He tried to avoid trade with the colonists because he believed that it would destroy Native American culture. b. He managed to consolidate control over some 30 nearby tribes. c. He invited the colonists to a feast with his tribe and then slaughtered 80 Virginia settlers. d. He won the respect of the colonists when he defeated John Smith in a wrestling match. Which of the following helps explain why conflict between American Indians and colonists worsened over the 17th century? (4 points) Select one: a. American Indians refused to recognize the treaties and land sales made through earlier leaders. b. American Indians grew more proficient with guns through hunting and came to depend on them. c. The colonists mistakenly believed that the American Indians had kidnapped their family members. d. The colonists began attacking and closing down the praying towns and any missionary centers. Which of the following best explains the meaning of Anglicization? (4 points) Select one: a. Growing prominence of the Anglican Church throughout the North American colonies b. Spread of English culture throughout the Americas replacing Spanish and native traits c. Increasing unity and sense of shared English culture among North American colonists d. Development of the Atlantic World as an international economy and the exchanging of ideas What was the result of privileges and liberties being guaranteed in Pennsylvania? (4 points) Select one: a. The colony soon became a haven for former convicts and the irreligious. b. The religious affiliation had no bearing on holding public office there. c. The colony grew rapidly and became more diverse than other English colonies. d. Britain was reluctant to make Pennsylvania a royal colony. What was the primary purpose of additions to the Navigation Acts such as the Wool Act and the Molasses Act? (4 points) Select one: a. Decrease the slave trade b. Prevent piracy and smuggling c. Increase control over colonies d. Reduce exposure to European ideas What was ironic about the Act of Toleration? (4 points) Select one: a. Even peaceful dissent was violently responded to rather than accepted as civil leadership. b. Catholics still faced discrimination as protection was aimed at various Protestant groups. c. People of Jewish ancestry were still barred in most colonies from holding political office. d. British soldiers routinely resorted to violence to respond to acts of colonial dissent. Why was the Glorious Revolution significant to the politics of the British colonies? (4 points) Select one: a. It ended the policy of salutary neglect in the colonies. b. It led to protections for people of all different religious faiths to worship freely. c. It overthrew the rule of King James II, who had direct control over many of the colonies. d. It shut down trade for the duration of the conflict, restricting access to ideas and goods. The city situated along the Mississippi River that served as a significant center of trade in the year 1200 is known today as (4 points) Select one: a. Poverty Point b. Cahokia c. Great Basin d. Tenochtitlán The most significant initial impact on the Native American population from interaction with Europeans came from (4 points) Select one: a. technology such as guns and horses, which allowed them to "civilize" rapidly b. old world diseases from which they had little to no immunity c. domesticated livestock, which created much greater food variety d. seeds and plants, which transformed the landscape of North America In this drawing, the encounter between Cortés and Montezuma appears to show (4 points) Select one: a. hostility toward the Spanish b. a ceremony of brutal human sacrifice c. reverence for the Spanish d. a declaration of war against the natives Which of the following is true of the Spanish conquerors in the Americas? (4 points) Select one: a. At first, they thought the American Indians would be easy to convert to Christianity. b. They thought that the American Indians did not know the value of gold and silver. c. They were surprised by the poverty of most American Indians, even the leaders. d. At first, they thought the American Indians had a religion similar to their own. How did European interaction with the New World affect trade? (4 points) Select one: a. The Spanish and Portuguese quickly obtained the Church's approval to control all international trade. b. Port cities became more diverse and were critical centers of trade for goods flowing between continents. c. Agriculture and manufacturing in Europe dropped dramatically as more people became shop owners. d. Finding a new route to Asia was abandoned, as opportunities in the Americas seemed far superior. Who are the "gentle lambs" according to Las Casas? (4 points) Select one: a. African slaves b. Spanish servants c. American Indians d. Christian missionaries The song excerpt reflects the concept of syncretism by showing that (4 points) Select one: a. traditional African beliefs were practiced in the Americas b. Christianity and traditional African beliefs were both followed c. traditional African beliefs were kept separate from Christianity d. Christianity was the only religion people practiced in the Americas The issue described in the excerpt led to which of the following events? (4 points) Select one: a. Spanish missions set up in California b. Founding of St. Augustine c. Pueblo Revolt in the Southwest d. Spanish shipping to Fort Caroline Which of the following explains the trend shown in the graph up to year 1800? (4 points) Select one: a. The desirability of migration to the American colonies for Africans seeking to practice Christianity b. A growing need for labor in the American colonies, particularly for plantation-based agriculture c. The preference of colonial governors for American Indians to work and provide assistance d. A decreased need for migrants as the colonial population grew from natural increase Which of the following English colonies was founded with the express intent of practicing religious toleration and peaceful relations with American Indians? (4 points) Select one: a. Virginia b. Pennsylvania c. Rhode Island d. Massachusetts Why did plantation-based economies, like the one in the image, develop in the Chesapeake and Southern colonies rather than in the Middle and New England colonies? (4 points) Select one: a. There were better port cities in the Chesapeake and South. b. Slavery was not permitted in the Middle and New England colonies. c. Rich landowners preferred to live in the Chesapeake and South, away from American Indian conflict. d. The climate of the Middle and New England colonies did not support large-scale agriculture. The Yamasee and Creek peoples (4 points) Select one: a. formed an alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy, which had declared war against New York colonists b. were involved in trading slaves in Carolina but then rebelled against the colonists c. defied William Penn's pacifism by starting a war in Pennsylvania d. sparked a bloody rebellion by African slaves against their masters near Charles Town What is significant about the Pequot War of 1637? (4 points) Select one: a. The barbarity of the Pequot Indians surprised the French colonists. b. The Pequot Indians drove the French colonists out of the area for decades. c. It ended the Pequot Indians as a threat to British colonial settlements. d. It generated critical ties between the British colonists and other American Indian tribes. Which of the following is a true statement, as reflected in the excerpt? (4 points) Select one: a. Conflict with Europeans often worsened relationships between native groups, as they disagreed over how they should respond to the various challenges. b. Conflict with Europeans could lead to increased relations among American Indian tribes who sought to resist the expansion of white settlements. c. Europeans who involved themselves in native people's conflicts often worsened them through misunderstanding or ignorance of long-standing issues. d. Europeans who involved themselves in conflicts among American Indian tribes helped lead to a faster, more peaceful resolution of the disagreements. What was the primary reason that William Penn granted religious freedom in his colony? (4 points) Select one: a. To antagonize the Puritan New England colonies in response to their disdain of the Quaker religion b. To encourage settlers to come to his colony c. To provide a haven for all religions being persecuted Europe d. To foster peaceful coexistence with the Native American population in Pennsylvania Which of the following describes the unofficial British act of not enforcing its own colonial policies? (4 points) Select one: a. Dominion b. Mercantilist policy c. Salutary neglect d. Anglicization What was the significance of the policy of salutary neglect? (4 points) Select one: a. It was not an official British policy, and so it reflected a breakdown in Parliamentary authority. b. It allowed for the rise of independent political groups and practices in the British colonies. c. It prevented the interference of trade through piracy and smuggling on the seas. d. It created new forms of colonial control that sparked resistance from settlers. Why was the Dominion of New England opposed by the British colonists? (4 points) Select one: a. It restricted or abolished their community laws and was run by a governor who did not need approval from any elected citizen group. b. It established the Catholic Church as the official colonial church and restricted the rights of Protestants and other dissenters. c. It applied British laws, including the Act of Toleration, without the input or consent of the colonial leaders or citizens. d. It placed the affected colonies under the direct rule of Parliament, which had been passing and enforcing restrictive trade policies. Many American Indian groups practiced transhumance, which means (4 points) Select one: a. moving between settlements depending on the seasons b. being constantly on the move following animals for hunting c. settling in one place and practicing small farming d. trading with nearby communities for needs In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire in North America (4 points) Select one: a. involved subjugation of the indigenous peoples through the encomienda system b. flourished due to peaceful coexistence with Native American civilizations c. relied on alliances with American Indians in order to fend off the English and the French d. acquired vast amounts of gold and silver that successfully sustained a mighty Spanish Empire How did the Columbian Exchange affect Europe? (4 points) Select one: a. The items produced by American Indians became objects of competition in Europe. b. Diseases from the New World decimated the population of the European continent. c. New crops introduced to Europe generated further interest in the New World. d. Enslavement of American Indians in Europe changed cultural attitudes toward slavery. The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s (4 points) Select one: a. officially designated American Indians in New Spain as slaves of European colonists b. recognized American Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor c. gave voting rights in local assemblies to mestizos but not to peninsulares d. required all American Indians to convert to Catholicism or face execution The main point of this excerpt best reflects which of the following ideas? (4 points) Select one: a. Imperial competition in the New World b. Differences in goals for European colonies c. Focus on trade with American Indians d. Export of raw materials in Columbian Exchange Which of the following is the best explanation for the information shown in the graph? (4 points) Select one: a. Atlantic Slave Trade b. Columbian Exchange c. New England agriculture d. Increased indenture contracts Which of the following areas of British colonization was the most politically and religiously homogeneous? (4 points) Select one: a. Chesapeake b. Middle c. New England d. West Indies Why did the English believe land was the basis of liberty? (4 points) Select one: a. Only those who owned land could own slaves, and only if you were a slave owner were you free. b. Their laws had stated for hundreds of years that only those who owned land were guaranteed any rights. c. Working for wages made you subject to someone else, whereas land gave you freedom to seek your own living and to vote. d. Churches required land for houses of worship, and religious participation was seen as the path to freedom "Anglicization" meant all of the following except that (4 points) Select one: a. colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England b. colonists imported the latest London fashions and literature c. those colonists who could afford to do so often sent their sons to England to be educated d. the upper-class colonists modeled their lives on British etiquette How did events of the 1680s, such as the Dominion of New England, inspire colonial resistance to British control? (4 points) Select one: a. The Glorious Revolution placed Catholic monarchs in power over Britain, leading to fears of an end to religious toleration of Protestants. b. Ideas of the Enlightenment assured British colonists in their belief in having rights such as self-government as British citizens. c. Rampant piracy and smuggling among the American colonies led to frustration with Britain's lack of effective policy enforcement. d. Policies reduced the power and authority of the Puritans in New England in favor of newly arrived British governors who were irreligious. Pueblo Indians lived in what is now (4 points) Select one: a. the Northeastern United States b. the Southwestern United States c. Southeastern Mexico d. Northeastern Mexico Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true? (4 points) Select one: a. Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part American Indian, and, in some areas, part African. b. Mestizos enjoyed much political freedom and held most of the high government positions. c. Spaniards outnumbered the American Indian inhabitants after fifty years of settlement. d. The Catholic Church played only a minor role in Spanish America. According to Bartolomé de Las Casas, (4 points) Select one: a. Spain needed to institute a more humane system of American Indian slavery b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World c. slavery needed to be eliminated everywhere from the earth d. converting American Indians to anything but Catholicism would lead to their death Which of the following describes a person of mixed ancestry in the Spanish Empire? (4 points) Select one: a. Encomendaro b. Hacienda c. Mestizo d. Criollo How do the events described in this excerpt connect to rivalry with another European power? (4 points) Select one: a. The English unofficially allowed pirates to attack Spanish ships to undermine Spain's position of power in the Americas. b. When the Spanish destroyed Fort Caroline, the English rushed to French aid, leading England to consider its own colonies. c. Portuguese piracy in the Western Caribbean led to the Treaty of Tordesillas, reserving all of the New World for Catholic Spain. d. The French corsairs attacked Portuguese ships as well, leading to a case of "friendly fire" between the Spanish and Portuguese. Which of the following is true about European ambitions in the Americas after 1600? (4 points) Select one: a. The Dutch pursued valuable precious metals, while the English sought to profit from the slave trade. b. The English wanted to have a base for trade with the Spanish, Dutch, and French in the New World. c. The Spanish primarily mined for commodities like gold, while the English wanted to establish colonies based on agriculture. d. The French sought to establish bases for piracy, while the Spanish wanted to collect valuable minerals for sale back in Europe. How did European colonists primarily fill labor needs in the New World in the 17th century? (4 points) Select one: a. Wage workers migrating from Europe b. Purchase of African slaves from the Portuguese c. Enslavement of native peoples and indenture of Europeans d. Agreements with convicted criminals to work off their sentences Which of the following is a true statement about the economy of the British colonies? (4 points) Select one: a. Small farms and commerce dominated New England, while the production of staple crops was the backbone of the Middle and Southern colonies. b. The fur trade was the basis for the New England economy until the Beaver Wars, when cereal crops replaced furs as the predominant trade product. c. The Middle colonies had the least diverse economy, with their focus on plantation agriculture of staple crops such as tobacco and sugar. d. Small farms and manufactured items formed the basis of the Southern colonies until the discovery of the slave trade and indenture. How did trade with native populations contribute to political instability in the American colonies? (4 points) Select one: a. European goods helped reverse the American Indian population decline, leading to increased conflict over land claims for farming or hunting. b. Frustration with the intentional trade of inferior goods led many American Indians to attempt to drive Europeans out of their settlements. c. Increasing demand for European manufactured goods and restrictive British trade policies combined to create unrest among both white and American Indian settlers. d. American Indians armed with European guns used them to defend their territory against frontier settlers and their livestock, increasing demand for frontier defense policy. Which of the following is true about the development of economic exchange between the English colonists and Eastern American Indians? (4 points) Select one: a. American Indians eventually came to depend on the colonists' goods. b. American Indians sought to keep English goods from influencing their religious ceremonies. c. American Indians never became integrated into the Atlantic economy. d. American Indians soon saw that the colonists' goods were shoddier than their own. Which of the following was characteristic of the British colonies but not the French or Spanish regions? (4 points) Select one: a. Strict racial hierarchy b. Presence of slavery c. Religious conversion d. Smuggling and piracy How did pirates and smugglers reflect a growing sense of autonomy among British colonists in the 17th century? (4 points) Select one: a. Both groups developed an independent political culture separate from the British monarchy. b. Both groups supported open rebellion against British control to create separate nations. c. Both groups saw mercantilist policies as opportunities for growth outside the British empire. d. Both groups demanded British recognition and respect for their laws and traditions. Both the Aztec and Inca empires were (4 points) Select one: a. small in population but advanced in infrastructure b. large, wealthy, and sophisticated c. large in geographic size but sparsely populated d. small and rural, with few impressive buildings [Show More]

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