NR446 Exam 1 Study guide JM317

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This document is meant to guide you in your preparation for the exam. You are responsible for all of the content covered in the lessons, readings, and course work. Chapter 1: Critical thinking: Cha... racteristics of a critical thinker  Insight  Intuition  Empathy  Willingness to take action o Initiative o Inspiration o Energy o Positive Attitude o Communication Skills o Respect o Problem-solving and Critical-thinking skills  Pg. 3 in ATI 6.0 Decision Making and Problem Solving:  Decision Making: complex, cognitive process of choosing a particular course of action; the thought process of selecting a logical choice from available options.  Problem Solving: part of a decision making; systematic process focusing on analyzing a difficult situation involving higher-order reasoning and evaluation.  Critical Thinking: the mental process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an answer or conclusion. o Uses reason to make informed decisions o Often requires one to think outside of the box  Clinical Reasoning: integrating and applying different types of knowledge to weigh evidence, critically think about arguments, and reflect upon the process used to arrive at diagnosis.  Clinical Judgement: the decision made regarding a course of action based on a critical analysis of data. o Modify interventions based on client’s response o Determine client outcomes desired/achieved Heuristics vs. formal structure in problem solving  Heuristics: 1 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 o Shortcut mental strategies that help simplify information o Discrete and often unconscious process for problem solving o Allows for quick problem solving based on experiences o Uses “trial and error” or “rule of thumb”  A structured approach to problem solving and decision making increases clinical reasoning  Traditional (formal) structure in Problem Solving o Effective Model o Weaknesses  Time is needed for proper implementation  Lack of initial objective-setting step o Identify the problem o Gather data to identify the causes and consequences of the problem o Explore alternative solutions o Evaluate each alternative o Select appropriate solution  Decision-making happens here o Implement Solution o Evaluate results Critical elements used in decision making (POSSIBLE SATA ON EXAM)  State a clear objective  Gather data carefully  Take the time necessary  Use an evidence-based approach  Generate many alternatives  Think Logically  Choose and act decisively Learning strategies to increase critical thinking (i.e. case studies, simulation, etc.)  Case Studies: o Provide stories that impart learning  Often unfold over time  Simulations: o Provide opportunities for learning w/no risk to patients or organizational performance  Problem-based learning (PBL): o Provides opportunities for learners to address and learn from authentic problems vicariously  Often in small groups Comparing the decision making process with the nursing process  MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING MODEL: 2 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 o Determine the decision and the desired outcome (set objectives) o Research and identify options o Compare and contrast these options and their consequences o Make a decision o Implement an action plan o Evaluate Results  NURSING PROCESS: A PROBLEM-SOLVING AND DECISION-MAKING MODEL o ASSESS o DIAGNOSE o PLAN o IMPLEMENT o EVALUATE Book table 1.1 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS SIMPLIFIED NURSING PROCESS IDENTIFY THE DECISION COLLECT DATA ASSESS IDENTIFY CRITERIA FOR DECISION IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVES PLAN CHOOSE ALTERNATIVE IMPLEMENT ALTERNATIVE IMPLEMENT EVALUATE STEPS IN DECISION EVALUATE EBP in decision making  Keep abreast of the evidence  Use Multiple sources of evidence  Use evidence to support clinical interventions and teaching strategies  Find established sources of evidence  Implement and evaluate nationally sanctioned clinical practice guidelines  Question and challenge nursing traditions  Dispel myths and traditions not supported by evidence  Collaborate w/other nurses locally and globally  Interact w/other disciplines to bring nursing evidence to the table Individual variations in decision making  SUCCESSFUL DECISION MAKER o Understands  Gender [Show More]

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