CPCE + NCE Career Development, Top Question & Answers, rated A+. 100% Accurate.

CPCE + NCE Career Development, Top Question & Answers, rated A+. 100% Accurate. Trait-and-factor-matching theory - ✔✔-relies on tests and assessments to match traits, aptitude, and interests with a given occupatio ...

CPCE + NCE Career Development, Top Question & Answers, rated A+. 100% Accurate. Trait-and-factor-matching theory - ✔✔-relies on tests and assessments to match traits, aptitude, and interests with a given occupation John Holland's six personality and six work environments career typology - ✔✔-visually depicted with a hexagon that includes six personality types/work environments: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (RIASEC); congruence between the person and job is emphasized Donald Super's self-concept and developmental stage theory (life span, life-space model) - ✔✔-selfconcept, as well as career/vocational maturity, influences one's career throughout the life span Anna Roe's early childhood needs-theory approach - ✔✔-vocational choice is related to personality development at a young age John Krumboltz's learning theory of career counseling (LTCC) - ✔✔-four factors can used to simplify the career development process: genetic endowment and unique abilities, environmental conditions and life events, learning experiences, task approach skills Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma's developmental appraoch (Ginzberg Group) - ✔✔-created by an economist, a psychiatrist, a sociologist, and a psychologist; developmental stages are: ages 11 and under (fantasy), ages 11-17 early adolescence (tentative), and age 17 into early adulthood (realistic) Mark Savicka's career construction postmodern theory - ✔✔-heavily rooted in narrative therapy in which the client's life is viewed as a story he or she has constructed, and intervention focuses on recurring themes to re-author the story Social cognitive counseling theory (SCCT) - ✔✔-focuses on how one's belief system impacts career choice Linda Gottfredson's theory of cicumscription and compromise - ✔✔-phase one: rule out certain jobs not acceptable for gender, stereotypes, and social class; phase two: change mind, major etc. if career path is not truly realistic Edgar H. Schein's eight career anchors theory - ✔✔-career anchors manifest approximately 5 or 10 years after a person begins work and guide future career choices; based on self-concept, abilities, and what the person is good at; autonomy/independence, security/stability, technical/functional competence, general managerial competence, entrepreneurial creativity, service/dedication to a cause, pure challenge, and lifestyle Glass ceiling phenomenon - ✔✔-suggests that women are limited in terms of how far they can advance in the work of work Glass ceiling effect - ✔✔-form of occupational sex-role stereotyping that can limit women's careers Victor Vroom's motivation and management expectancy theory - ✔✔-an employee's performance is influenced by valence (will the work provide rewards such as money, a promotion, or satisfaction?), expectancy (what the person feel he or she is capable of doing?), and instrumentality (will the manager actually give the employee the promised reward such as a raise?) Guidance - ✔✔-a developmental and educational process within a school system Career counseling - ✔✔-a therapeutic services for adults performed outside an educational setting EEOC - ✔✔-Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Edmund Griffith Williamson - ✔✔-chief spokesperson for the Minnesota Viewpoint which expanded upon Parson's model to create a theory of counseling which transcended vocational issues Is the trait-and-factor model grounded in differential psychology? - ✔✔-YES; the assumption in this approach is that human beings are rational Parsons three steps to implement the trait-and-factor approach - ✔✔-knowledge of the self and aptitudes and interests, knowledge of jobs, including the advantages and disadvantages of them, and matching the individual with the work Anna Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice a. based on cognitive-behavioral therapy b. based on a model of strict operant conditioning c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need d. based on the work of Pavlov - ✔✔-c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification utilizing a. unconscious and preconscious b. fields and levels c. yin and yang d. transactional analysis nomenclature - ✔✔-b. fields and levels Roe's 8 occupational fields - ✔✔-service, business contact, organizations, technology, outdoor, science, general culture, and arts/entertainment Roe's 6 levels of occupational skill - ✔✔-professional and managerial 1, profession and managerial 2, semiprofessional/small business, skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled Roe's theory relies on Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice a. lower-order needs take precedence over higher-order needs b. self-actualization needs take precedence over lower-order needs c. all needs are given equal consideration d. the need for self-actualization would overpower a physical need - ✔✔-a. lower-order needs take precedence over higher-order needs Some support for Roe's theory comes from a. the BDI b. the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) c. the Rorschach and the TAT d. the gestalt therapy movement - ✔✔-c. the Rorschach and the TAT In terms of genetics, Roe's theory would assert that a. genetics plays a very minor role in career choice b. genetics helps to determine intelligence and education , and hence this influences one's career choice c. genetics are important while upbringing is not d. genetics are important while the unconscious is not - ✔✔-b. genetics helps to determine intelligence and education , and hence this influences one's career choice Job - ✔✔-refers to a given position or similar positions within an organization Occupation - ✔✔-broader and refers to similar jobs occupied via different people in different settings (psychotherapists) Career - ✔✔-broadest category; depicts a persons lifetime positions plus leisure Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious processes in this are of study was a. Krumboltz b. Schein c. Super d. Bordin - ✔✔-d. Bordin Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice a. are indicative of neurotic symptoms b. are indicative of inappropriate reinforcers in the environment c. are related to a lack of present moment awareness d. are the result of irrational cognitions - ✔✔-a. are indicative of neurotic symptoms Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects the work of a. Anne Roe b. Donald Super c. John Holland d. Jane Loevinger - ✔✔-c. John Holland Social (Holland) - ✔✔-prefers to solve problems using interpersonal skills and feelings Enterprising (Holland) - ✔✔-likes to sell to others or perform leadership tasks; tends to value power and status Realistic (Holland) - ✔✔-likes machines Investigative (Holland) - ✔✔-likes to his or her way through a problem Conventional (Holland) - ✔✔-values conformity, structure, rules, and feels comfortable in a subordinate role Holland relied on a personality theory of career choice. Robert Hoppock's theory, based on the work of __________ is also considered a personality approach. a. Donald Super b. Robert Rosenthal c. David Wechsler d. Henry Murray - ✔✔-d. Henry Murray Henry Murray - ✔✔-created the "needs-press" theory and the TAT projective test Developmental career theorists view career choice as an ongoing or so-called longitudinal process rather than a single decision made at one point in time. The pioneer theorists in this area - who were the first to forsake the matching models - were a. Super and Roe b. Hoppock and Holland c. Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma d. Brill and Bordin - ✔✔-c. Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma Super's life-span theory emphasizes _________ life stages. a. five b. four c. three d. nine - ✔✔-a. five Super's life spans - ✔✔-Growth (birth to age 14), Exploration (ages 15-24), Establishment (ages 22-44), Maintenance (ages 44-64) and Decline (65+) Research into the phenomenon of career maturity reflects the work of a. John Crites b. Anna Roe c. John Holland d. Nancy Schlossberg - ✔✔-a. John Crites Nancy Schlossberg - ✔✔-adult career development; suggested five noteworthy factors: behavior in the adult years is primarily determined by social rather than biological factors, behavior can either be a function of one's life stage or one's age at other time, sex differences are actually more powerful than are or stage differences, adults continually experience transitions which require adaptation and selfassessment, identity, intimacy, and generativity are recurrin