Biology > Study Notes > University of Maryland - BSCI 222Topic 11 - Prokaryotic Regulation (All)

University of Maryland - BSCI 222Topic 11 - Prokaryotic Regulation

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Prokaryotic Regulation ● Big Question ○ If all cells have the same genome, then why aren’t they all the same? ■ Gene Regulation can be highly dynamic because RNA and protein are short-live... d ○ ○ Gene Regulation is a major source of phenotypic differences ● Gene CDS between humans and chimps have 98.6% similarity ■● Ex. Gene expression patterns differ between healthy individuals and those with developing dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system (which controls unconscious bodily functions ○ Gene Regulation via “genetic switches” ■ Turn expression of specific genes up and down ○ Think of it like a dimmer switch on a lights in the dining room ● Responding to signals that come from within the cell (cell cycle, cell growth), other cells (tissue growth) or outside (stress, nutrients) ■ ○ Structural Gene vs Regulatory genes ■ Structural genes encode a protein product that affect the structure of the cell (i.e, Metabolic, Biosynthetic) ■ Regulatory genes encode products that affect expression of other genes ● Make products that can bind and effect expression of a structural gene ● Are expressed ■ Regulatory elements are unexpressed sequences that affect the expression of neighboring sequences ● Where regulatory genes bind ● Are NOT expressed (No transcription or translation) ■ Mutations ● Mutation in a structural gene’s coding sequence may affect the function of that structural gene’s product ● Mutation in a regulatory gene or element may change the pattern of expression of one or several structural genes. ○ ■ Regulatory proteins are the products of some regulatory genes and require a DNA binding domain ● The DNA binding domain is where the protein binds to the operator (DNA) (Secondary) [Show More]

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