BioChemistry > STUDY GUIDE > Biochemistry Readiness Check I. (All)

Biochemistry Readiness Check I.

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Which enzyme adds a phosphate group from ATP to a molecule? (1/1 Points) Kinase The correct answer is, "Kinase." A kinase ‘kindly’ adds a phosphate to a molecule and that phosphate can be removed by a phosphatase. Another way to remember this is that a kinase is "kind and giving" of a phosphate (from ATP). Phosphatase Acetyltransferase Dehydrogenase 39 Different compounds are needed to carry out essential cellular functions which maintain a physiological homeostatic balance. Enzymes catalyze reactions that produce these compounds and, in doing so, play a pivotal role in our bodies. Which statement below accurately describes how enzymes catalyze reactions within our cells. (1/1 Points) Enzymes increase the activation energy of a reaction. Enzymes decrease the reaction rate. Enzymes don’t change the reaction rate. Enzymes decrease the activation energy of a reaction. The correct answer is,. "Enzymes decrease the activation energy of a reaction." The activation energy is the amount of energy required to start the reaction. The lower the activation energy, the faster the reaction. 40 Asparagine endopeptidase has optimal activity at an acidic pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 98 degrees F. Under which of the following conditions would the catalytic activity of asparagine endopeptidase be highest? (1/1 Points) In brain tissue at pH 5 following traumatic brain injury The correct answer is, "In brain tissue at pH 5 following traumatic brain injury." Enzymes function optimally at their optimal temperature and pH. When the temperature, or pH, is substantially higher or lower than the optimal conditions for the enzyme, its catalytic activity decreases. Exposure to a temperature of 150 degrees F In renal tissue at pH 10 during alkalosis Exposure to a temperature of 20 degrees F 41 An experimental compound, termed Drug X, can inhibit an enzyme by binding at a site that is distinct from the enzyme's active site. What type of inhibitor is Drug X? (1/1 Points) Competitive Non-competitive The correct answer is, "Non-competitive." An inhibitor that binds to a site other than the enzyme's active site (allosteric site) is a non-competitive inhibitor. Sequential Congruent 42 Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetoacetate. Which one of the compounds below could act as a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase? (1/1 Points) Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 The correct answer is Option 3, methanol. Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetoacetate, which means that ethanol is the substrate of the enzyme. A competitive inhibitor should have a similar structure as the substrate of the enzyme, since they both compete to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structure of methanol is very similar to the structure of ethanol. Option 4 43 Zylezol is a fictitious drug that attenuates enzymatic activity. Over time, however, increased concentration of the enzyme’s substrate renders Zylezol ineffective. What kind of inhibition is used by Zylezol? (1/1 Points) Communicative Non-competitive Competitive The correct answer is, "Competitive." Competitive inhibitors compete with substrate to bind to the active site of an enzyme and can be out-competed by high concentrations of substrate. Saturated 44 Melatonin is a molecule, produced primarily in the pineal gland, which regulates the circadian rhythm. The following pathway depicts how the

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