Chapter_10_Reproductive_Behaviors: Questions and Answers

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1. The sex hormones include the estrogens, progesterone, and the androgens. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.... 10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 2. Hormones are capable of inducing long-lasting changes throughout the body. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.02 - Distinguish between organizing and activating effects of hormones. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 3. Estrogens are present only in females a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 4. Progesterone prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and promotes the maintenance of pregnancy. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 5. Organizing effects of hormones usually occur early in development. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.02 - Distinguish between organizing and activating effects of hormones. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 6. Activating effects can occur at any time in life when a hormone temporarily activates a particular response. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.02 - Distinguish between organizing and activating effects of hormones. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 7. Nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal a female in its external anatomy. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 8. In humans, testosterone produces its organizing effects on the hypothalamus by itself. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 9. Testosterone levels continue to increase throughout a human male's lifetime. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 10. Drugs that reduce testosterone levels in males will most likely reduce their sexual behavior. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 11. Birth-control pills prevent pregnancy by interfering with the usual feedback cycle between the ovaries and the pituitary. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 12. In general, men are more jealous of sexual infidelity than women. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Evolutionary Interpretations of Mating Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.06 - Discuss possible evolutionary explanations of men’s and women’s sexual behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 13. Girls with CAH are more likely to participate in “tomboyish” activities. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behaviors LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 14. Androgen insensitivity syndrome leads to a genetic male with a female external appearance of the genitals. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behaviors LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 15. There are obvious differences in external anatomy of homosexual humans compared to heterosexual humans. a. b. : DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Sexual Orientation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.08 - Discuss possible biological influences on the development of sexual orientation. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior Multiple Choice 16. Two major classes of sex hormones are ____. a. luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone b. dopamine and serotonin c. steroids and thyroid hormones d. androgens and estrogens : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 17. Steroid hormones produce their effects by ____. a. disrupting cell membranes b. opening ion channels c. increasing cholesterol levels d. entering cells and affecting gene expression : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 18. Which hormone(s) is/are likely to be found more abundantly in females than in males? a. peptide hormones b. androgens c. progesterone d. estrogens : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 19. Which hormone(s) is/are likely to be found more abundantly in males than in females? a. peptide hormones b. androgens c. progesterone d. estrogens : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 20. Which is of androgens and estrogens? a. Only males have androgens; only females have estrogens. b. Only males have estrogens; only females have androgens. c. Males and females have androgens and estrogens in similar amounts. d. Males and females both have androgens and estrogens, but in different amounts. : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. 21. The hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is ____. a. testosterone b. androgen c. progesterone d. estradiol : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.01 - Describe the role of the SRY gene in mammalian sexual development. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 22. When do the organizing effects of sex hormones occur in rats? a. well before birth b. shortly before and after birth c. during their juvenile period d. at approximately two months of age : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.02 - Distinguish between organizing and activating effects of hormones. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 23. In general, when do hormones produce "organizing effects"? a. whenever the levels of some other hormone have decreased b. during early stages in development c. during adulthood d. temporarily at any time in life : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.02 - Distinguish between organizing and activating effects of hormones. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 24. An organizing effect differs from an activating effect of a hormone in that an organizing effect ____. a. inhibits the effects of another hormone b. lasts only briefly c. activates excitatory receptors d. produces more long-lasting effects : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.02 - Distinguish between organizing and activating effects of hormones. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 25. In comparison to activating effects, organizing effects of hormones take place ____. a. later in life and produce more long-lasting effects b. later in life and produce more temporary effects c. earlier in life and produce more long-lasting effects d. earlier in life and produce more temporary effects : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.02 - Distinguish between organizing and activating effects of hormones. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 26. Which of the following depends on an organizing effect of hormones? a. whether an organism develops as male or female b. the degree of sexual activity at any time c. the timing of migration or hibernation d. current metabolic rate : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.02 - Distinguish between organizing and activating effects of hormones. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 27. Sexual differentiation begins with ____. a. Wolffian ducts b. chromosomes c. Müllerian ducts d. hormones : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 28. Which of the following is unique to genetic males early in development? a. Wolffian ducts b. primitive gonads c. Müllerian ducts d. Müllerian inhibiting hormone : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 29. Müllerian ducts are found in ____. a. genetic female fetuses only b. genetic male fetuses only c. female and male fetuses early in development d. female and male fetuses until shortly before birth : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 30. Wolffian ducts are found in ____. a. genetic female fetuses only b. genetic male fetuses only c. female and male fetuses early in development d. female and male fetuses until shortly before birth : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 31. What causes the primitive gonads to develop into masculine structures? a. the X chromosome b. the sex region Y (SRY) gene c. the sexually dimorphic nucleus d. Müllerian inhibiting hormone : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Introduction LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 32. What determines whether a mammal develops male or female external genitals? a. the amount of testosterone during prenatal development b. the amount of estrogens during prenatal development c. the difference (subtraction) between testosterone and estrogen levels in prenatal development d. the ratio (division) between testosterone and estrogen levels in prenatal development : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 33. What would cause a genetic female mammal to develop an anatomical appearance resembling a male's? a. a lack of estradiol b. moderate levels of estradiol during an early stage of development c. a high level of testosterone during an early stage of development d. a high level of testosterone during the late part of puberty : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 34. How does the development of external genitalia differ from the development of the internal reproductive structures? a. Reproductive structures are influenced by hormone levels; genitals are not. b. Reproductive structures for males and females develop from a single unisex structure; genitals develop from separate Wolffian and Müllerian structures. c. Genitals for males and females develop from a single unisex structure; reproductive structures develop from separate Wolffian and Müllerian structures. d. Genital development is controlled by estrogen; the reproductive structures are controlled by androgen. : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 35. How does the development of external genitalia differ from the development of the internal reproductive structures? a. Reproductive structures are influenced by hormone levels; genitals are not. b. Reproductive structures for males and females develop from a single unisex structure; genitals develop from separate Wolffian and Müllerian structures c. Genitals for males and females develop from a single unisex structure; reproductive structures develop from separate Wolffian and Müllerian structures. d. Genital development is controlled by estrogen; the reproductive structures are controlled by androgen. : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 36. If a female rat is injected with testosterone during the last few days before being born or the first few days afterward, at maturity her ____. a. pituitary and ovaries will not produce their hormones b. ovaries will no longer produce hormones, although her pituitary will c. pituitary and ovaries will produce steady levels of hormones instead of cyclic levels of hormones d. pituitary and ovaries will produce cyclic levels of hormones instead of steady levels : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 37. Genetic males with testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity) develop looking and acting female. This condition develops because of a genetic mutation that has which effect? a. It decreases the production of cortisol. b. It prevents the production of testosterone. c. It causes a conversion of testosterone into estradiol within certain cells. d. It prevents testosterone from having its usual effects. : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 38. What would cause a mammal to develop the anatomy of a male, regardless of its chromosomes? a. exposure to high levels of testosterone during an early stage of development b. deprivation of estradiol during an early stage of development c. exposure to neither testosterone nor estradiol during an early stage of development d. an infusion of testosterone at puberty : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 39. Nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal's external anatomy ____. a. male b. female c. intermediate between male and female d. fully both male and female : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 40. If you inject a male rat with estrogen shortly after birth, it will ____. a. still develop into a male b. still develop into a male, but will act very much like a female c. develop into something intermediate between female and male d. develop into a female : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 41. The sexually dimorphic nucleus is located in the ____. a. thalamus b. Wolffian ducts c. anterior hypothalamus d. male brain, only : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 42. The sexually dimorphic nucleus is part of the ____. a. thalamus b. Wolffian ducts c. anterior hypothalamus d. male brain, only : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 43. The difference between males and females in the sexually dimorphic nucleus is that it is ____. a. larger in males than in females b. larger in females than in males c. present in males, absent in females d. present in females, absent in males : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 44. The hypothalamus of a female who is exposed to testosterone early in life will ____. a. decrease in size b. develop a cyclic pattern of hormone release c. develop more like a typical male hypothalamus (noncyclic) d. become inactive : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 45. According to rodent studies, testosterone exerts a major part of its effect on ____. a. alpha-fetoprotein b. the sex region Y gene c. the thalamus d. the hypothalamus : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 46. Estradiol normally found in the bloodstream of a female rat fetus neither masculinizes nor feminizes its development because it is ____. a. chemically converted to testosterone b. bound to alpha-fetoprotein c. dissolved in the fat supplies of the fetus d. not effective on cells even if it did enter them : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 47. The estradiol normally found in the bloodstream of a female rat fetus neither masculinizes nor feminizes its development because it ____. a. is chemically converted to testosterone b. is prevented from entering the developing cells c. is chemically unstable at the body temperature of a fetus d. would have no effect on cells even if it did enter them : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 48. The most effective way to stimulate sexual behavior in a female rodent is to inject her with ____. a. prolactin followed by estradiol b. progesterone following by parathyroid hormone c. alpha fetoprotein followed by cholecystokinin d. a combination of estradiol and progesterone : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.03 - Explain the role of testosterone in the development of genital anatomy. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 49. One way that estrogen increases sexual responsiveness is by ____. a. synchronizing activity between the hypothalamus of the left and right hemispheres b. suppressing the release of competing hormones such as testosterone c. decreasing the rate of overall body activity d. increasing the sensitivity of nerves in the pubic area : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 50. Male sexual behavior depends heavily on neurons in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus releasing which substance? a. testosterone b. dopamine c. estrogen d. luteinizing hormone : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 51. In castrated male rats, the medial preoptic area ____. a. does not have as much dopamine as other rats b. has normal levels of dopamine released in the presence of a receptive female c. has as much dopamine as normal rats, but the presence of a receptive female does not evoke much release of it d. releases the same level of dopamine, but not testosterone, as a normal rat : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 52. In normal female rats, release of dopamine in the medial preoptic area activity is primed by ____. a. serotonin b. testosterone c. a combination of testosterone and estrogen d. estradiol : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 53. Dopamine stimulation of D2 receptors facilitates ____. a. arousal b. orgasm c. sperm production d. sexually receptive postures in the female : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 54. Sexual behavior is most likely to occur when sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol) prime the neurons in the hypothalamus to release the neurotransmitter ____. a. serotonin b. norepinephrine c. dopamine d. acetylcholine : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 55. Whereas dopamine stimulates sexual activity, the neurotransmitter ____ inhibits it, in part by blocking dopamine release. a. testosterone b. estrogen c. serotonin d. estradiol : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 56. By blocking dopamine release, some antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin levels also ____. a. increase sexual activity b. decrease sexual activity c. cause permanent organizational defects d. shrink the SDN : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 57. What hormone is released during orgasm and is apparently responsible for the calmness and lack of anxiety after orgasm? a. insulin b. aldosterone c. melatonin d. oxytocin : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 58. Sildenafil (Viagra) works by ____. a. increasing sensitivity to female's pheromones b. increasing release of nitric oxide in the hypothalamus and penis c. decreasing dopamine release in the hypothalamus d. blocking pain receptors in the spinal cord : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 59. A means of controlling sex offenders has involved reducing ____. a. testosterone levels b. estrogen levels c. prolactin d. the alpha-fetoprotein level in their blood : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 60. Decreases in ____ levels generally decrease male sexual activity. a. estrogen b. oxytocin c. testosterone d. estradiol : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 61. A woman's hypothalamus and pituitary interact with the ____ to produce the menstrual cycle. a. pineal gland b. ovaries c. thyroid d. adrenal glands : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 62. Follicle-stimulating hormone is released by the ____. a. pineal gland b. anterior pituitary c. thyroid d. ovum : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 63. In the middle of the menstrual cycle, an increased release of estradiol causes a(n) ____. a. decrease in the release of FSH b. decrease in the release of LH c. sudden surge in the release of luteinizing hormone d. increase in the release of testosterone : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 64. The hormones LH, FSH, and estradiol reach a peak ____. a. in the first month of pregnancy b. at the start of the menstrual period c. at the end of the menstrual period d. around the time of ovulation : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 65. Pregnant women often experience nausea because of the heightened activity of the ____ receptor. a. serotonin 3 b. progesterone c. estradiol d. dopamine 2 : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 66. The most widely used and most effective birth control pill is one that contains which hormone(s)? a. luteinizing hormone b. androgen, but not estrogen c. both estrogen and androgen d. both estrogen and progesterone : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 67. Birth control pills prevent pregnancy by ____. a. increasing the release of estrogen b. increasing the release of FSH c. interfering with the feedback cycle between the ovaries and the pituitary d. inactivating both ovaries : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 68. At what point in the menstrual cycle, if any, are women who are NOT on birth-control pills most likely to initiate sexual activity? a. at any point in the menstrual cycle b. just after the end of menstruation c. during the periovulatory period d. just before the next menstrual period : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 69. In one study, women in the follicular phase, when the probability of becoming pregnant is greatest, preferred male faces that were ____. a. more masculine in appearance b. somewhat feminine c. about halfway between feminized and masculinized d. larger than normal : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 70. People typically experience a state of complete relaxation shortly after orgasm; this occurs due to the release of ____. a. testosterone b. oxytocin c. prolactin d. progesterone : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Activating Effects of Sex Hormones LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.04 - List some examples of activating effects on the behavior of males and females. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 71. Many female mammals become very attentive after delivering their babies largely because of a sudden ____. a. drop in testosterone levels b. surge of prolactin and oxytocin c. decrease of prolactin and increase of oxytocin d. increase of prolactin and decrease of oxytocin : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Parental Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.05 - Describe the roles of hormones and experiences in rodent parental behavior. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 72. If a never pregnant female rat is left for 5-10 days with a litter of babies, she will ____. a. most likely kill them b. initially ignore them, but eventually will become more attentive c. initially be attentive, but eventually will ignore them d. immediately respond to them as though she gave birth to them : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Parental Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.05 - Describe the roles of hormones and experiences in rodent parental behavior. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 73. If a never pregnant female rat is left for 5-10 days with a litter of babies, she will ____. a. most likely kill them b. initially ignore them, but eventually will become more attentive c. initially be attentive, but eventually will ignore them d. immediately respond to them as though she gave birth to them : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Parental Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.05 - Describe the roles of hormones and experiences in rodent parental behavior. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 74. Hormones are most essential to which aspect of mammalian parental behavior? a. care for newborns during the first few days b. continuation of care after the first few days c. the parental care sometimes shown by males d. all aspects equally : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Parental Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.05 - Describe the roles of hormones and experiences in rodent parental behavior. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 75. Pheromones of newborn rats ____. a. inhibit maternal behavior b. stimulate maternal behaviors directly c. stimulate the release of hormones that affect maternal behaviors d. stimulate paternal behaviors, but not maternal behaviors : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Parental Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.05 - Describe the roles of hormones and experiences in rodent parental behavior. TOPICS: 10.1 Sex and Hormones 76. One objection to the use of the one-mate strategy in women is that ____. a. in some cases, having multiple sex partners can result in more offspring b. women are more jealous than men c. women can't be sure that their mate is the father d. there are no men who share this strategy : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Evolutionary Interpretations of Mating Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.06 - Discuss possible evolutionary explanations of men’s and women’s sexual behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 77. Which mate-selection preference is stronger for men than for women? a. acceptable odor b. likelihood of being a good provider c. youthfulness d. intelligence : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Evolutionary Interpretations of Mating Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.06 - Discuss possible evolutionary explanations of men’s and women’s sexual behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 78. At this point, the conclusions of studies on the evolutionary interpretations of mating behavior suggest that these behaviors are ____. a. primarily inherited b. primarily learned from cultural influence c. used to justify our behaviors d. lacking the scientific studies to allow us to draw a conclusion about them : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Evolutionary Interpretations of Mating Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.06 - Discuss possible evolutionary explanations of men’s and women’s sexual behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 79. What does a coral goby fish do if its mate dies after eggs have been laid? a. A male will abandon the eggs and find a new mate. b. A female will care for her young and then die. c. Either sex will care for the eggs and, if necessary, change sex to form a new mating pair. d. Either sex will abandon the eggs to find a new mate. : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 80. Sex differences are to ____ as gender differences are to ____. a. anatomy; behaviors b. adults; children c. excitation; inhibition d. scientists; the public : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 81. Gender identity can be defined as ____. a. the pattern of one’s sex chromosomes b. the sex one identifies with and calls oneself c. sexual awareness present in almost all mammalian species d. the set of activities presumed to be common for one sex or another in a society : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 82. What would cause a genetic female to develop a partly masculinized anatomy? a. excessive levels of alpha-fetoprotein in her blood b. exposure of her mother to stressful experiences late in pregnancy c. exposure to less than the usual amount of estrogen during an early sensitive period d. exposure to more than the usual amount of testosterone during an early sensitive period : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 83. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) occurs because the adrenal gland releases ____. a. too much cortisol b. too little cortisol c. too little estrogen d. too much insulin : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 84. What happens to a female human fetus exposed to excess testosterone during the sensitive period for genital development? a. She is unaffected, since she has no receptors for testosterone. b. She will often develop without any sexual organs. c. She will often develop with genitals that have an intermediate appearance. d. She will often develop a complete, functioning, set of male reproductive organs. : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 85. A hermaphrodite is an individual ____. a. who dresses and lives as the opposite sex b. whose genital anatomy is intermediate between male and female c. with no sex drive d. with too much testosterone : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 86. Who would probably develop as an intersex? a. a genetic female exposed to more testosterone than normal during early development b. a genetic male exposed to more estradiol than normal during early development c. a genetic female deprived of her normal amount of estradiol during early development d. a genetic male exposed to a larger than normal amount of testosterone during early development : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 87. A " hermaphrodite" is someone who ____. a. has both XX and XY chromosome patterns b. has both testicular and ovarian tissue c. is female, but has sexual interest only in other females d. dresses up as the opposite gender : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 88. What were the findings of a study of CAH girls in adolescence? a. They read more sports magazines than the average for other teenage girls. b. They read more glamour magazines than the average for other teenage girls. c. They show less physical aggression than most other women do as adults. d. They show more interest in infants than most other women do as adults. : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 89. Girls who are exposed to higher than normal androgen levels during prenatal development tend to ____. a. choose to play with more typically masculine toys b. be more aggressive c. be more verbal d. develop lower than normal intelligence : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 90. Which circumstance will be most likely to cause a genetic male to develop a mostly feminine anatomy? a. exposure to more than the usual amount of estrogen during an early sensitive period b. exposure to more than the usual amount of testosterone during an early sensitive period c. a condition that prevents androgens from exerting their effects d. excessive levels of alpha-fetoprotein in his blood : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 91. Certain individuals with an XY chromosome pattern have the genital appearance of a female. This condition is known as ____. a. androgen insensitivity b. cortisol insensitivity c. intersex d. adrenal hyperplasia : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 92. What is one current recommendation for raising children who have intersex conditions? a. Raise the child according to whether the chromosomes are male or female. b. Wait until later and let the child decide whether to be called male or female. c. Identify the child as female, and have genital surgery performed as soon as possible. d. Identify the child as male or female based mainly on the predominant external appearance. : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behaviors 93. What conclusion can be drawn from the unusual gender identity cases from the Dominican Republic? a. The environment has no effect on gender identity. b. If given the necessary hormones at puberty, any girl can become a boy. c. Early child-rearing experiences are not the sole determinant of gender identity. d. Chromosomes are the determining factor in gender identity. : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Gender Identity and Gender-Differentiated Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.07 - Explain the relevance of intersexes for understanding the role of hormones in the development of sex-typed behaviors. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behaviors 94. The frequency of homosexuality in men is highest if ____. a. a sister is homosexual b. an adopted brother is homosexual c. a dizygotic twin brother is homosexual d. a monozygotic twin brother is homosexual : d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Sexual Orientation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.08 - Discuss possible biological influences on the development of sexual orientation. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 95. Some studies have linked male homosexuality to having a greater number of ____. a. older sisters b. younger sisters c. older brothers d. younger brothers : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Sexual Orientation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.08 - Discuss possible biological influences on the development of sexual orientation. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 96. When examining the data on sexual orientation of twins and other siblings, what seems to be the most reasonable conclusion? a. Genetic factors completely determine sexual orientation. b. Genetic factors play no role in sexual orientation. c. Sexual orientation is determined by genetics as well as other factors. d. Genetic factors determine sexual orientation in men, but do not seem to play a role for women. : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Bloom’s: Analyze LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.08 - Discuss possible biological influences on the development of sexual orientation. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 97. Of the various hypotheses based on hormone levels, which is the most plausible explanation for male homosexuality? a. Adult testosterone levels are low. b. Adult estrogen levels are high. c. Prenatal testosterone levels were low during some sensitive period. d. Prenatal estrogen levels were high during some sensitive period. : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Sexual Orientation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.08 - Discuss possible biological influences on the development of sexual orientation. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 98. If a female rat is exposed to highly stressful experiences late in pregnancy, what happens to the sexual development of her offspring? a. The genetic males become responsive to male partners. b. The genetic females become responsive to female partners. c. Both male and female offspring become unresponsive to all sexual partners. d. Both male and female offspring become highly aggressive in their sexual behaviors. : a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Sexual Orientation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.08 - Discuss possible biological influences on the development of sexual orientation. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 99. The anterior commissure, on the average, is ____. a. smaller in heterosexual women than heterosexual men b. larger in heterosexual women than heterosexual men c. smaller in homosexual men than heterosexual men d. larger in heterosexual men than homosexual men : b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Sexual Orientation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.08 - Discuss possible biological influences on the development of sexual orientation. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 100. What measurable differences are apparently related to homosexual versus heterosexual orientation in adult men? a. their testosterone levels b. their estrogen levels c. the size of certain parts of their hypothalamus d. the pattern of dendritic branching in their cerebral cortex : c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Sexual Orientation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.10.08 - Discuss possible biological influences on the development of sexual orientation. TOPICS: 10.2 Variations in Sexual Behavior 101. On average, the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex are of nearly equal size in ____ females, whereas the right hemisphere is a few percent larger in ____ males. a. homosexual; heterosexual b. heterosexual; homosexual c. homosexual; homosexual d. heterosexual; heterosexual 102. A more recent study on differences in the INAH3 suggests that compared to heterosexual men, homosexual men have ____. a. a larger INAH3 b. smaller INAH3 neurons, but a comparable number c. fewer INAH3 neurons, but they are larger in size d. a comparable number and size of INAH3 neurons 103. The interstitial nucleus 3 of the anterior hypothalamus is known to be more than ____. a. twice as large in heterosexual women as in men b. three times as large in heterosexual women as in men c. twice as large in heterosexual men as in women d. twice as large in homosexual men as in heterosexual men 104. When Simon LeVay examined interstitial nucleus 3 in 41 people who had died, he found that in the homosexual males in his sample, this nucleus was ____. a. larger, but only in those who had died of AIDS b. comparable in size to the heterosexual males who had died of AIDS c. comparable in size to the whole group of heterosexual males d. comparable in size to the heterosexual females 105. Data gathered by studies such as the LeVay study suggest that ____. a. the hypothalamus determines sexual orientation b. the suprachiasmatic nucleus determines sexual orientation c. on average, differences in the hypothalamus can be found between individuals of different sexual orientations d. there is only a small probability that the brain has anything to do with sexual orientation 106. Congenital adrenal hypertrophy is most likely to have which of these effects? a. A genetic male develops looking partly feminized. b. A genetic male develops a homosexual orientation. c. A genetic female develops looking partly masculinized. d. A genetic female develops excessive appetite. 107. Which characteristic tends to be more important for women than men in choosing a mate? a. health b. earning potential c. physical attractiveness d. Intelligence 108. Male hormones" are referred to as ____. a. organizing hormones b. SRY c. androgens d. estrogens 109. "Female hormones" are referred to as ____. a. activating hormones b. SRY. c. androgens d. estrogens 110. Which of the following is of androgens and estrogens? a. Only males have androgens. b. Both sexes have both types of hormones. c. They are produced by the pituitary. d. They have opposite effects in males and females. 111. Which of the following best illustrates the organizing effects of sex hormones? a. increased heart rate during exercise b. determination of genetic sex c. masculinization of the brain d. nest building 112. During the menstrual cycle, estradiol and progesterone levels increase and decrease under the influence of hormones released by which gland? a. pineal b. adrenal c. thyroid d. pituitary 113. At the end of the menstrual cycle in women, the levels of LH and FSH ____; the levels of estradiol and progesterone ____. a. decrease; increase b. increase; decrease c. increase; increase d. decrease; decrease 114. One important difference between organizing effects and activating effects of hormones is that activating effects ____. a. are shorter-term b. take place mostly during an early sensitive period c. cause the pituitary gland to release another hormone d. control only the peripheral nervous system 115. A sensitive period is ____. a. any time in an organism's life when it is sensitive to hormones released by the sexually dimorphic nucleus b. an early period when a hormone has a long lasting effect c. an early period when a hormone has an intense, but brief, effect d. a period of time, usually once a month, when hormones are released Essay 116. Describe the organizing effects of sex hormones and give specific examples. 117. Describe activating effects of sex hormones and give specific examples. 118. Give some examples of evolutionary interpretations of mating behavior. 119. Describe some of the evidence that genetic factors may influence sexual orientation. 120. Describe some of the evidence that brain anatomy may differ as a function of sexual orientation. [Show More]

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