Chapter 09—FROM DNA TO PROTEIN

Document Content and Description Below

Multiple Choice 1. The poison ricin inactivates which of the following cellular organelles? a. mitochondria b. ribosomes c. smooth ER d. Golgi bodies e. nucleus 2. The DN... A molecule is made up of _____ strand(s) and the RNA molecule is made up of _____ strand(s). a. 1; 2 b. 2; 1 c. 4; 2 d. 1; 1 e. 2; 4 3. Which type of RNA carries the code from the DNA to the site where the protein is assembled? a. messenger RNA b. nuclear RNA c. ribosomal RNA d. transfer RNA e. structural RNA 4. Amino acids are linked onto a polypeptide chain by ribosomes. What carries free amino acids to the ribosomes? a. mRNA b. tRNA c. microRNAs d. rRNA e. any form of RNA 5. The nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA is a. adenine. b. cytosine. c. guanine. d. uracil. e. thymine. 6. Which substance is found in RNA but not in DNA? a. thymine b. deoxyribose c. ribose d. guanine e. cytosine 7. Uracil pairs with a. ribose. b. adenine. c. cytosine. d. thymine. e. guanine. 8. Identify the nucleotide base pair in Exhibit 9.3. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.1 What is the information carried in DNA? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 9. Identify the sugar-phosphate backbone in Exhibit 9.3. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.1 What is the information carried in DNA? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 10. Identify the RNA molecule in Exhibit 9.3. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.1 What is the information carried in DNA? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 11. The synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template strand is called a. replication. b. translation. c. transcription. d. DNA synthesis. e. metabolism. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 12. Which of the following catalyzes the process of transcription? a. RNA polymerase b. DNA polymerase c. ligase d. gyrase e. ribosomes : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 13. The portion of the DNA molecule that is translated is composed of a. introns. b. anticodons. c. exons. d. transcriptons. e. exons and introns. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 14. Intervening, untranslated nucleotide sequences are: a. introns. b. anticodons. c. exons. d. transcriptons. e. poly-A tail : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 15. When a gene is transcribed, what is produced? a. more DNA b. protein or polypeptide sequences c. messenger RNA d. enzymes e. genetic defects : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 16. In transcription, _____ is used as a template for the construction of a new RNA molecule. a. the entire DNA molecule b. both strands of a double-stranded segment of DNA c. a segment of one strand of double-stranded DNA d. an entire RNA molecule e. a single-stranded segment of RNA : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 17. Which is the normal start codon for protein synthesis? a. AUG b. UAA c. UAG d. UGA e. GGU : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 18. Of all the different codons that exist, three of them do not encode a particular amino acid. Their role is to: a. allow for any amino acid to be added in their place. b. encode tRNA molecules. c. provide instructions on the tertiary structure of the protein. d. signal the start of translation. e. provide instructions to stop translation. : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 19. If each nucleotide coded for a single amino acid, how many different types of amino acids could be combined to form proteins? a. 4 b. 16 c. 20 d. 64 e. none of these : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 20. If the DNA triplets were ATG and CGT, the mRNA codons would be a. AUG and CGU. b. ATG and CGT. c. UAC and GCA. d. UAG and CGU. e. UAU and GCA. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: Modified 21. Which of the following has an anticodon to bind to the protein synthesizing machinery? a. DNA b. mRNA c. rRNA d. tRNA e. none of these : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 22. Translation begins when the initiator tRNA binds to a. the large ribosomal subunit. b. the small ribosomal subunit. c. the second tRNA. d. the terminator codon. e. the first codon of the mRNA. : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 23. Amino acids are joined together in proteins by a. hydrogen bonds. b. peptide bonds. c. anticodons. d. wobble effects. e. codon bonds. : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 24. The first amino acid in most proteins is a. alanine. b. isoleucine. c. leucine. d. methinonine. e. phenylalanine. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 25. In the eukaryotic cell depicted in Exhibit 9.12, where does transcription occur? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 26. In the eukaryotic cell depicted in Exhibit 9.12, what letter identifies the newly constructed polypeptide? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 27. In the eukaryotic cell depicted in Exhibit 9.12, what letter identifies the functioning ribosome? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply 28. Sickle cell anemia has been traced to what type of mutation? a. frameshift b. transposable element c. deletion d. addition e. base substitution : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.5 What happens after a gene becomes mutated? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 29. Anticodons pair with ________. a. mRNA codons b. DNA codons c. RNA anticodons d. amino acids e. ribosomes : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 30. Select the correct sequence (beginning to end) for the multi-step process of gene expression: a. transcription, gene, mRNA, protein b. RNA, transcription, protein, gene c. RNA, translation, protein d. gene, translation, protein e. gene, transcription, mRNA, translation, protein : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.1 What is the information carried in DNA? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 31. What serves as the template during transcription? a. mRNA b. RNA c. DNA d. amino acids e. protein : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 32. Which property is shared by the processes of replication and transcription? a. One strand of nucleic acid serves as a template for synthesis of another. b. They require ribsomes. c. They both take place in the cytoplasm of the cell. d. They both make copies of DNA. e. They both use the nucleic acid uracil. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.1 What is the information carried in DNA? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 33. Which step occurs first during transcription? a. Free RNA nucleotides are added to an RNA chain. b. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA. c. RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter site. d. The new RNA strand is released from RNA polymerase. e. The introns are removed from the RNA strand. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 34. Removal of introns, addition of a poly-A tail and addition of a guanine cap are all events that occur during: a. protein folding. b. transcription. c. replication. d. post-transcriptional modification. e. translation. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 6.2 How is RNA assembled? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 35. While there are 64 codons in the genetic code, they encode only ____ amino acids. a. 60 b. 20 c. 12 d. 24 e. 44 : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 36. How many nucleotide bases does a codon consist of? a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 20 e. 64 : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 37. Which type of RNA shows enzymatic activity by catalyzing a peptide bond formation between amino acids? a. mRNA b. tRNA c. rRNA d. all types of RNA e. no RNA shows enzymatic activity : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 38. Each intact ribosome consists of a large and a small subunit made mostly of catalytic rRNA. A ribosome also consists of: a. structural proteins b. free amino acids c. DNA d. lipids e. enzymatic proteins : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 39. Suppose a tRNA is carrying the amino acid valine. What is its anticodon? a. GGU b. CUC c. CGC d. CAC e. AUA : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 40. Consider which tRNA would attach to the AGU mRNA codon. The correct response is a tRNA carrying ____ amino acid, with a(n) ____ anticodon. a. serine; UCA b. cysteine; UGU c. cysteine; ACA d. serine; AGU e. glycine; CCA : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA play during translation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 41. During the initiation of translation, the small ribosomal subunit binds mRNA, and then the initiator tRNA base-pairs with mRNA. Which step happens next? a. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of the first peptide bond. b. The first tRNA is released. c. The large ribosomal subunit joins the small subunit. d. The ribosome starts the assembly of the amino acid chain. e. The second tRNA base-pairs with the mRNA. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 42. What catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids? a. the ribosome. b. tRNA. c. mRNA. d. the neighboring amino acid. e. the codon. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New Matching Choose the one most appropriate for each. a. sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription b. encodes the gene's protein building information for translation c. guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases d. a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA e. a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid f. the complete set of mRNA codons g. a process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids REFERENCES: Section 9.2 How is RNA assembled? Section 9.3 What roles do mRNA, rRNA and tRNA play during translation? Section 9.4 How is mRNA translated into protein? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New and modified 43. anticodon : d POINTS: 1 44. codon : e POINTS: 1 45. messenger RNA : b POINTS: 1 46. promoter : a POINTS: 1 47. transcription : c POINTS: 1 48. genetic code : f POINTS: 1 49. translation the question(s) in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. a. AUG b. UAA c. UUU d. UUA e. AAA 50. This codon terminates a coding region. 51. The anticodon AAA would pair with this codon. 52. A single mutation involving the second letter of codon AUA would convert it to this codon. 53. A DNA codon of ATT would be complementary to this RNA codon. 54. This codon specifies an amino acid and indicates the beginning of a coding region. Subjective Short 55. In this depiction of transcription, strand #____ is ____ because it ____. a. 1; RNA; contains uracil. b. 2; RNA; contains uracil. c. 2; RNA; contains thymine. d. 1; RNA; has no uracil (U). e. 2; DNA; contains adenine (A). 56. In this depiction of transcription, does RNA polymerase add nucleotides to the 5' end or the 3' end of the growing mRNA strand? 57. Use the codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence coded by this mRNA: AUG-GCA-GGU-UUU-CAC-UAA 58. Use the codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence coded by this mRNA. AUG-AGA-AGG-CCC-UGA 59. Use the codon chart to determine how the amino acid would change if a base pair mutation changed a codon from UCU to UCA. 60. Use the codon code chart to determine how the following base pair deletion would affect the amino acid sequence: AUG-GCC-GGU-CGC-AGU-C What would be the amino acid sequence if the underlined C in the second codon is deleted? 61. Why is a promoter important to transcription? 62. How are eukaryotic transcripts modified before they are used in protein synthesis? 63. Match the terms with the best description. _____ base pair substitution _____ promoter _____ polysome _____ exon _____ genetic code _____ intron _____ base pair deletion a. protein-coding segment b. causes a shift in the mRNA reading frame c. may result in the replacement of one amino acid for another d. removed before translation e. many ribosomes translating the same mRNA f. complete set of 64 codons g. binding site for RNA polymerase 64. Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, and responsible for many functions that keep the cell alive. The instructions for how to make each protein are encoded in the cell's DNA. Explain how DNA sequences can serve as instructions for building a protein. 65. How do replication and transcription differ in terms of the portion of a DNA strand that is used in the process? 66. Many proteins can be made from a single mRNA. Why then do cells transcribe many copies of the same mRNA? 67. Where do transcription and translation take place within the cell? What post-transcriptional modification aids in the movement of mRNA to the site of translation? 68. Describe two conditions that would make a DNA mutation result in an altered protein. 69. Using sickle cell anemia and beta thalessemia anemias as an example, describe how a base pair substitution and a base pair deletion affect the beta globin protein. 70. Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), such as the poisin ricin, are deadly because they inactivate ribosomes. How does ribosome inactivation lead to death? 71. Some RIPs are not as toxic as ricin. What is the main difference between toxic and non-toxic RIPs? Essay 72. Antisense drugs help us fight some types of cancer and viral diseases. The drugs consist of short mRNA strands that are complementary in base sequence to mRNAs linked to the diseases. Speculate on how antisense drugs work. 73. An anticodon has the sequence GCG. What amino acid does this tRNA carry? What would be the effect of a mutation that changed the C of the anticodon to a G? 74. Each position of a codon can be occupied by one of four nucleotides. What is the minimum number of nucleotides per codon necessary to specify all 20 of the amino acids that are typical of eukaryotic proteins? 75. Cigarette smoke contains at least fifty-five different chemicals identified as carcinogenic (cancer-causing) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). When these carcinogens enter the bloodstream, enzymes convert them to a series of chemical intermediates that are easier to excrete. Some of the intermediates bind irreversibly to DNA. Propose a hypothesis about why cigarette smoke causes cancer. [Show More]

Last updated: 2 years ago

Preview 1 out of 21 pages