Chapter 23—ANIMALS I: MAJOR INVERTEBRATE GROUPS. All Answers..

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Figure 23.1 Proposed evolutionary tree. 1. According to the accompanying evolutionary tree for major animal groups, which letter represents the animals whose first embryonic opening is the mouth? ... a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 2. At which branch in the accompanying figure did bilateral symmetry evolve? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 3. At which branch in the accompanying figure did radial symmetry evolve? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 4. At which point in the accompanying figure did animals have cells organized as tissues? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 5. Animals with bilateral symmetry typically undergo an evolutionary process whereby many nerve cells and sensory structures become concentrated at the front of the body. What is this process called? a. segmentation b. cephalization c. coelom formation d. pupation e. radiation : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New 6. The vast majority of animals are: a. mammals b. invertebrates c. vertebrates d. birds e. predators : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 7. An animal with bilateral symmetry: a. has no defined body sides b. usually has no body cavity c. has body parts repeated around a central axis d. has left and right sides and usually displays cephalization e. is not typical of animals with a three-layer body plan : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 8. Most animals show ____ symmetry. a. bilateral b. multilateral c. no d. radial e. unilateral : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 9. In bilateral animals, _____ is contained within a cavity, cushions the gut during body movements, and is a means by which materials are distributed throughout the body. a. a coelom b. mesoderm c. a mantle d. a water-vascular system e. coelomic fluid : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 10. A digestive system with _____ is able to carry out various tasks of digestion at once. a. bilateral symmetry b. collar cells c. a one-way tube, a mouth, and an anus d. radula e. a two way sac-like cavity : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 11. Which statement most accurately describes the deuterostomes? a. The first opening on the embryo surface becomes the mouth. b. Their food and wastes enter/exit through the same body opening. c. They have an incomplete digestive system. d. They all have radial symmetry. e. Their mouth develops from the second embryonic opening and the first opening becomes the anus. : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.1 How have animal body plans evolved? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 12. A major explosion of animal diversity in which all major marine lineages were formed took place during which period? a. Cambrian b. Carboniferous c. Devonian d. Permian e. Proterozoic : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.2 Animal origins and early radiations KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 13. The protist that is most closely related to animals is the: a. amoeba b. choanoflagellate c. dinoflagellate d. euglenoid e. paramecium : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.2 Animal origins and early radiations KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 14. Which group of tiny marine organisms have the simplest body and smallest genome of all modern animals? a. sponges b. choanoflagellates c. placozoans d. cnidarians e. flatworms : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.2 Animal origins and early radiations KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 15. The function of the collar cells of sponges function is to: a. secrete a matrix that supports the body of the sponge b. filter and engulf food c. digest food d. produce eggs and sperm e. attach the sponge to a solid surface : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.3 Sponges KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 16. Which animal group does not have tissues? a. nematodes b. sponges c. echinoderms d. flatworms e. cnidarians : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.3 Sponges KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 17. A typical sponge is ____ because it produces ____. a. a hermaphrodite; only egg cells b. parthenogenetic; both egg and sperm cells c. a hermaphrodite; both egg and sperm cells d. parthenogenetic; only egg cells e. a hermaphrodite; only sperm cells : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.3 Sponges KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 18. Unlike most other animals, sponges lack which of the following? a. a digestive tract only b. a symmetrical body plan only c. tissues only d. a digestive tract and a symmetrical body plan only e. a digestive tract, a symmetrical body plan, and tissues : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.3 Sponges KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 19. Which group is characterized by radially symmetrical members? a. arthropods b. cnidarians c. flatworms d. mollusks e. annelids : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 20. The term ‘coral bleaching’ refers to: a. the loss of a protistan symbiont by a reef-building coral b. the growth of new cnidarians within a reef c. the color change in coral reefs as they become mature d. an invasion of a coral reef by a colorless protistan as opposed to a green, photosynthetic one e. the loss of the calcium carbonate skeleton of cnidarian polyps : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified Selecting the Exception 21. Four of the five s listed below are characteristics of cnidarians. Select the exception. a. ciliated larvae b. polyp form c. jellylike matrix d. nematocyst e. pharynx : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Selecting the Exception 22. Four of the five s listed below are descriptive of annelids. Select the exception. a. closed circulatory system b. fluid-filled coelom c. jointed appendages d. segmented body e. tubular gut : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.6 What are annelids? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Selecting the Exception 23. Four of the five s listed below are molluscan body features. Select the exception. a. gills b. head and foot c. mantle d. conspicuous segmentation e. radula : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.7 What are mollusks? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Selecting the Exception 24. Four of the five s listed below are arthropods. Select the exception. a. barnacles b. bumblebees c. spiders d. octopus e. ticks : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.10 What are the main kinds of arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Selecting the Exception NOTES: Modified 25. Four of the five s listed below are members of a common group. Select the exception. a. sea star b. sea anemone c. sea urchin d. brittle star e. sea cucumber : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.12 What are echinoderms? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Selecting the Exception 26. Four of the five s are features of the echinoderms. Select the exception. a. spiny skin b. decentralized nervous system c. radial symmetry d. a water-vascular system e. a mantle : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.12 What are echinoderms? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 27. Nematocysts in cnidarians are: a. reproductive cells b. excretory organs c. sets of muscle cells d. circulatory cells e. defensive cells : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 28. Cnidarians have an outer layer derived from ectoderm, an inner layer from endoderm, and a ____. a. middle layer of mesoderm b. watery middle layer c. well-developed brain d. jellylike matrix in between e. complete gut : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 29. Where are nematocysts located on a cnidarian’s body? a. on lid cells b. in a cnidocyte c. on the base of polyps d. around the ectodermal outside of the body e. on mesoderm cells : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 30. Which group has a tentacle ringed mouth and a gastrovascular cavity? a. sponges b. cnidarians c. flatworms d. annelids e. arthropods : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 31. "Nerve net" describes the nervous system of: a. flatworms b. cnidarians c. annelids d. arthropods e. sponges : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 32. An incomplete digestive system is seen in: a. flatworms only b. cnidarians only c. both roundworms and annelids d. both cnidarians and flatworms e. mollusks : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.4 What are cnidarians? Section 23.5 What is a flatworm? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: check this 33. How do marine polychaetes use chitin hardened body parts? a. as an excretory organ b. the chitin hardened tentacles, to move sand c. to chew and digest prey d. the chitin-hardened jaws, to capture prey e. the chitin-reinforced bristles, for movement and chitin hardened jaws to capture prey : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.5 What are annelids? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 34. Which characteristics best describe earthworms? a. polychaete; fluid filled coelom b. oligochaete; open circulatory system c. moves by only longitudinal muscle contraction and hydrostatic skeleton d. oligochaete; scavengers; closed circulatory system e. hermaphrodites that fertilize themselves; closed circulatory system : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.5 What are annelids? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 35. A closed circulatory system is seen in: a. leeches only b. roundworms only c. flatworms only d. cnidarians only e. both earthworms and leeches : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.5 What are annelids? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 36. A scolex is: a. the anterior attachment organ of a tapeworm b. the feeding organ of a fluke c. an appendage of a sandworm d. the egg of a sea star e. the larva of an aquatic insect : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.5 What is a flatworm? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 37. Each tapeworm proglottid contains: a. sperm b. eggs c. cysts d. eggs and sperm e. a scolex : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.5 What is a flatworm? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 38. Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of: a. cnidarians b. sponges c. jellyfish d. flatworms e. coral polyps : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.5 What is a flatworm? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 39. A flatworm lacks: a. bilateral symmetry b. a true coelom c. mesodermal tissue d. a nervous system e. a solute regulating system : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.5 What is a flatworm? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 40. Which annelid subgroup has many chitin-reinforced bristles called chaetae on their segments? a. polychaetes b. oligochaetes c. leeches d. earthworms e. tapeworms : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.6 What are annelids? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 41. Which animals have a gut with two openings, a mouth, and an anus? a. cnidarians b. annelids c. flatworms d. sponges e. tapeworms : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.6 What are annelids? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 42. Which animals are bilateral with a tubular gut, a coelom and conspicuous segmentation, inside and out? a. sponges b. cnidarians c. flatworms d. annelids e. mollusks : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.6 What are annelids? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 43. The mollusks with the largest brain and most complex behavior are the: a. chitins b. cephalopods c. gastropods d. bivalves e. chelicerates : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.7 What are mollusks? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 44. Both the largest and fastest invertebrates are in which mollusk group? a. chitons b. cephalopods c. gastropods d. bivalves e. cnidarians : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.7 What are mollusks? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 45. The sea slugs (nudibranchs) may protect themselves by using which method? a. Their raspy radula may be used as a defense organ to injure potential predators. b. They make and secrete distasteful substances. c. They use camouflage. d. They hide in their shells. e. They use defensive weapons taken from their prey (toxins and nematocysts). : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.7 What are mollusks? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 46. A mantle is found only among the: a. arthropods b. annelids c. echinoderms d. mollusks e. chordates : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.7 What are mollusks? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 47. A mollusk radula is which of the following? a. foot b. feeding organ c. ear d. sensitive hair e. balance organ : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.7 What are mollusks? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 48. The intestinal parasite Ascaris lumbricoides currently infects more than one billion people. Which group is it in? a. flatworms b. roundworms c. annelids d. cnidarians e. arthropods : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.7 What are roundworms? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 49. Elephantiasis is caused by damage of valves that affect the flow of: a. intestinal contents b. lymph c. blood d. urine e. cerebrospinal fluid : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.8 What are roundworms? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 50. Which have a collagen cuticle, a pseudocoelom, a tubular digestive system and no respiratory or circulatory organs? a. roundworms b. cnidarians c. flatworms d. annelids e. porifera : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.8 What are roundworms? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 51. Molting in arthropods involves primarily a change in: a. sex b. body size c. eating habits d. sensory structures e. larval to adult stages : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.9 What are arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 52. Which is a disadvantage of an exoskeleton? a. It must be shed (and a new one made) for its owner to grow. b. It does not provide as efficient a muscle anchorage as an endoskeleton. c. It allows for excess water loss. d. It is not flexible enough to allow a full range of movement. e. It is not able to absorb pigments for sufficient camouflage. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.9 What are arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 53. Arthropods usually detect chemicals in water or air with their: a. antennae b. legs c. mouths d. noses e. eyes : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.9 What are arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 54. The most diverse animal group is the: a. mollusks b. arthropods c. nematodes d. chordates e. cnidarians : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.9 What are arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 55. Arthropod success cannot be attributed to which adaptation? a. modified segments b. jointed appendages c. closed circulatory system d. sensory specialization e. specialized developmental stages : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.9 What is an arthropod? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 56. What structures do barnacles use to capture their food? a. antennae b. shells c. legs d. heads e. siphons : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.10 What are the main kinds of arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 57. Spiders use which mouthparts for subduing prey? a. mandibles b. pedipalps c. chelicerae d. maxillae e. labial palps : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.10 What are the main kinds of arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 58. The smallest adult chelicerates are: a. horseshoe crabs b. mites c. scorpions d. spiders e. ticks : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.10 What are the main kinds of arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 59. Which group can be distinguished from the other arthropods by its possession of two pairs of antennae? a. insects b. millipedes c. chelicerates d. crustaceans e. trilobites : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.10 What are the main kinds of arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 60. ____ have four pairs of walking legs attached to their cephalothorax and no antennae. a. Ticks and mites b. Insects c. Crustaceans d. Myriapods e. Arachnids : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.10 What are the main kinds of arthropods? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 61. The only winged invertebrates are from which group? a. Hymenoptera b. arachnids c. crustaceans d. insects e. Coleoptera : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.11 What makes insects so diverse and important? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 62. Evolution of metamorphosis allowed insects to, most importantly, utilize ____. a. wings b. dispersion c. multiple developmental patterns d. multiple sets of resources e. multiple methods of reproduction : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.11 What makes insects so diverse and important? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 63. Which statement most accurately describes incomplete metamorphosis? a. A larva grows and turns into a pupa, and then an adult. b. Development is never fully complete and an immature adult is eventually hatched. c. An egg hatches into a nymph that gradually takes on the adult form over the course of several molts. d. Insects hatch from an egg looking like a tiny adult and they simply grow bigger with each molt. e. There is no such thing as incomplete metamorphosis, since all eggs eventually become functional adults : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.11 What makes insects so diverse and important? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 64. Which issue is not caused or transmitted by an insect? a. schistosomiasis b. reduced lumber harvests c. significant damage to food crops d. typhus e. malaria : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.11 What makes insects so diverse and important? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 65. ____ are the most diverse animal phylum and ____ are the most diverse animals in this phylum. a. Cnidaria; insects b. Arthropods; crustaceans c. Echinoderms; insects d. Birds; ducks e. Arthropods; insects : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.11 What makes insects so diverse and important? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 66. A water-vascular system is unique to the: a. arthropods b. annelids c. chordates d. mollusks e. echinoderms : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 23.12 What are echinoderms? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 67. The water-vascular system is used primarily for: a. excretion of excess water b. locomotion c. respiration d. circulation e. sensation 68. Which are deuterostomes? a. annelids b. echinoderms c. arthropods d. mollusks e. flatworms 69. The injectable pain-killing drug called Prialt is an improvement over morphine-type drugs because it: a. can easily be extracted from cone snails b. is less expensive to produce than morphine c. also removes the memory of pain from the affected person d. is not addictive e. is from invertebrates 70. Match each letter in the diagram with a structure listed below. 1. ____ gastrovascular cavity 2. ____ inner tissue layer 3. ____ jellylike matrix 4. ____ outer tissue layer 5. To which group does this species belong? 71. Match each letter on the diagram with a structure listed below. 1. ____ anus 2. ____ digestive gland 3. ____ excretory organ 4. ____ foot 5. ____ gill 6. ____ heart 7. ____ mantle 8. ____ radula 9. ____ shell 10. ____ stomach 11. To which group does this organ belong? 72. Figure 23.29 Body plan of an insect. Label the main body parts of an insect: A: ____ B: ____ C: ____ D: ____ E: ____ 73. Why was the development of a middle embryonic tissue layer important for increased structural complexity within animals? 74. Compare the nervous systems of cnidarians, cephalopods, and echinoderms. 75. Why are leeches used in the medical field? 76. How do earthworms improve soil conditions? 77. Why may it have been an evolutionary advantage for cephalopods to have a highly reduced shell or none at all? 78. How does a sea star eat mollusks? 79. Describe the colonial theory of animal origins. 80. Compare feeding in a sponge, a cnidarian, and an annelid. 81. How do earthworms move? 82. You are working as a marine biologist off the coast of Mexico. While observing organisms in a tidepool, you find a dramatically colored animal that has not been classified before. Your observations lead you to think that this beautiful animal is apparently a nudibranch, which is a member of the mollusk phylum. However, you are puzzled by one feature that does not fit with the other anatomical and physiological features of mollusks: stinging nematocysts in the external projections on the back of this animal. Explain how this animal might be correctly classified and what the supporting logic is. 83. Describe three key roles that insects play in just about every land ecosystem. 84. Describe the water vascular system of echinoderms such as sea stars. the question(s) in reference to the five animal groups listed below. a. sponges b. cnidarians c. flatworms d. nematodes e. annelids REFERENCES: Chapter 23 KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Classification Questions 85. Members of this group have a pseudocoelomic cavity. : d POINTS: 1 86. Members of this group have a rudimentary brain with nerve cords and a saclike or branched gut, but lack a circulatory system. : c POINTS: 1 87. Members of this group have a brain with a ventral nerve cord, a complete gut, and a circulatory system that is usually closed. : e POINTS: 1 88. This group contains primitive animal species that lack tissues and organs. : a POINTS: 1 89. This group includes jellyfish and sea anemones. : b POINTS: 1 Select the correct mollusk group for each question. a. gastropods b. bivalves c. cephalopods d. all mollusk groups REFERENCES: Section 23.7 What are mollusks? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 90. glide about on a broad muscular foot : a POINTS: 1 91. all are predators : c POINTS: 1 92. have a tubular gut : d POINTS: 1 93. have a ciliated swimming larva called a trochophore : d POINTS: 1 94. all have a hinged, two part shell : b POINTS: 1 95. most have a beaklike, biting mouthparts in addition to a radula. : c POINTS: 1 96. move by jet propulsion : c POINTS: 1 97. includes the only terrestrial mollusks : a POINTS: 1 [Show More]

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