D027 Phase 1 Pathophysiology Synthesis Cancer.docx D027 Pathophysiology Synthesis: Cancer Western Governors University D027: Advanced Pathopharmacological Foundations Pathophysiology Synthesis: Cancer Cancer is mos
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D027 Phase 1 Pathophysiology Synthesis Cancer.docx D027 Pathophysiology Synthesis: Cancer Western Governors University D027: Advanced Pathopharmacological Foundations Pathophysiology Synthesis: Cancer Cancer is most basically defined as a malignant process of uncontrollable cell proliferation with the ability to metastasize and infiltrate surrounding and distant tissue (McCance & Huether, 2018). Normal genes in a cell, proto-oncogenes, involved in regulation of cell growth or death are converted to oncogenes through damaged or mutated DNA. The damaged or mutated DNA can cause excessive proliferation (reproduction) or inhibited apoptosis (programmed death) of the cells affected. The overgrowth of these cells gather to form malignant tumors. These tumors can metastasize to nearby or distant tissue (McCance & Huether, 2018). Cancers can be associated with environmental risk factors or a genetic predisposition. Cancer causes a variety of objective and subjective clinical manifestations. According to McCance and Huether (2018), patients with colorectal, GU, GI, pancreatic, or upper intestinal cancer may experience anemia (pg. 366). Other clinical manifestations as mentioned on the Mayo Clinic website include, but are not limited to, cachexia, fatigue, pain, unexplained swelling or lumps, and significant weight gain or loss. (Mayo Clinic, 2018). There are a variety of assessment and diagnostic methods used in the discovery and confirmation of a cancer diagnosis. A physical assessment may uncover an abnormal growth or tu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
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