Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology. With Answers Explained

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Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. When used in combination with anxiolytic medication, alcohol leads to _____________ effects, ... and caffeine leads to _______________ effects. 1. increased; increased 2. increased; decreased 3. decreased; decreased 4. decreased; increased ____ 2. A client was recently admitted to the inpatient unit after a suicide attempt. He has been placed on a tricyclic antidepressant. In terms of medication, what steps should be taken to maintain the client’s safety when he is discharged? 1. Provide a 6-month supply to ensure long-term compliance. 2. Provide a 1-week supply of medication, with refills authorized only after he visits his provider. 3. Encourage him to increase fluid intake to counteract the common side effect of diarrhea. 4. Educate him not to eat foods that contain tyramine. ____ 3. A client was recently admitted to the inpatient unit after a suicide attempt and is prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The nurse teaches the client about serotonin syndrome. Which of the following is a symptom of serotonin syndrome? 1. Change in mental status 2. Myoclonus 3. Blood pressure lability 4. Priapism ____ 4. A client was recently admitted to the inpatient unit after a suicide attempt and has not responded to SSRIs or tricyclic antidepressants. The client asks the nurse, “I heard about monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Why can’t they be added to what I am on now? Wouldn’t adding one help?” Which is the appropriate nursing response? 1. “Electroconvulsive therapy is your best option at this point.” 2. “Combined use can lead to a life-threatening condition called hypertensive crisis.” 3. “There is no reason why an MAOI couldn’t be added to your therapy.” 4. “They can’t be used together because their mechanisms of action are very different.” ____ 5. A client began taking lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder approximately 1 month ago and asks why he has gained 12 lbs. since then. Which is the appropriate nursing response? 1. “I’m surprised you have gained; weight loss is the typical pattern when taking lithium.” 2. “Your weight gain is more likely related to food intake than medication.” 3. “Weight gain is a common, but troubling side effect. Let’s talk about some strategies for safely improving your nutrition and exercise habits.” 4. “There’s not much you can do about the weight gain. It’s better than being emotionally unstable, though.” ____ 6. The nurse is assessing a client who has a diagnosis of schizophrenia and takes an antipsychotic agent daily. Which finding requires further nursing assessment? 1. Respirations of 22 beats/minute 2. Weight gain of 8 lbs. in 2 months 3. Temperature of 101oF 4. Excess salivation ____ 7. An aging client with chronic schizophrenia takes a beta-adrenergic blocking agent (propranolol) for hypertension and an antipsychotic. Given the combined side effects of these drugs, what teaching should the nurse provide? 1. “Make sure you concentrate on taking slow, deep, cleansing breaths.” 2. “Watch your diet and try to engage in some regular physical activity.” 3. “Rise slowly when you change position from lying to sitting or sitting to standing.” 4. “Wear sunscreen and try to avoid midday sun exposure.” ____ 8. A client with depression and substance abuse has an interrupted sleep pattern. She demands that her psychiatrist prescribe her a sedative. What teaching would the nurse provide about the rationale for the use of nonpharmacological interventions instead? 1. “Sedative-hypnotics are potentially addictive and gradually lose their effectiveness as one builds up tolerance to them.” 2. “Sedative-hypnotics work best in combination with other techniques.” 3. “Sedative-hypnotics are not permitted for use in patients with substance abuse disorders.” 4. “Sedative-hypnotics are not as effective as the antidepressant medications for treating sleep disturbances.” ____ 9. Which statement about the tricyclic group of antidepressant medications is accurate? 1. Strong or aged cheese should not be eaten while taking them. 2. Their full therapeutic potential may not be reached until 4 weeks. 3. They may cause hypomania or recent memory impairment. 4. They should not be given with antianxiety agents. ____ 10. A client was admitted with major depression that was a single episode and moderate. During her stay, she was started on Prozac (fluoxetine) at 40 mg orally every day. The nurse’s discharge teaching should include all of the following except: 1. Continue taking Prozac as prescribed. You will continue to see improvement over the next few weeks. 2. Make sure that you follow up with outpatient psychotherapy as you and the social worker have arranged. 3. You may be able to discontinue the medication within 6 months to 1 year, but only under a doctor’s supervision. However, there is a chance of recurring episodes. 4. You should avoid foods with tyramine, including beer, beans, processed meats, and red wine. ____ 11. In the treatment of anxiety disorders, benzodiazepines (such as Ativan and Xanax) are indicated for_________ use and have__________ abuse potential. 1. short-term; high 2. long-term; high 3. short-term; low 4. long-term; low ____ 12. Which medication does not require periodic blood-level monitoring? 1. Eskalith (lithium carbonate) 2. Depakote (valproic acid) 3. Clozaril (clozapine) 4. Paxil (paroxetine) ____ 13. As part of discharge teaching, which guideline regarding lithium therapy will the nurse plan to include? 1. Avoid excessive use of beverages containing caffeine. 2. Maintain a consistent sodium intake. 3. Consume at least 2,500 to 3,000 mL of fluid per day. 4. All of the above ____ 14. A client with schizophrenia has recently begun a new medication, clozapine (Clozaril). Which potentially fatal side effect will the nurse teach the client about? 1. Agranulocytosis 2. Akathisia 3. Dystonia 4. Akinesia ____ 15. A client with schizophrenia has recently begun a new medication, clozapine (Clozaril). Which signs and symptoms of a potentially fatal side effect will the nurse teach the client about? 1. Blurring vision and muscular weakness 2. Sore throat, fever, and malaise 3. Tremor, shuffling gait, and rigidity 4. Fine tremor, tinnitus, and nausea ____ 16. A client with schizophrenia has recently begun a new medication, clozapine (Clozaril). Which blood cell counts would reveal a potentially fatal side effect of this medication? 1. WBCs, >3,000/mm3; granulocytes, >2,000/mm3 2. WBCs, <3,000/mm3; granulocytes, >2,000/mm3 3. WBCs, >3,000/mm3; granulocytes, <2,000/mm3 4. WBCs, <3,000/mm3; granulocytes, <2,000/mm3 ____ 17. A psychiatrist prescribes a MAOI for a client. When teaching the client about the effects of tyramine, which foods will the nurse caution the client to avoid? 1. Pepperoni pizza and red wine 2. Bagels with cream cheese and tea 3. Apple pie and coffee 4. Potato chips and Diet Coke ____ 18. A client has been diagnosed with major depression and is prescribed imipramine (Tofranil). What information specifically related to this class of antidepressants will the nurse plan to include in client and family education? 1. The medication may cause dry mouth. 2. The medication may cause nausea. 3. The medication should not be discontinued abruptly. 4. The medication may cause photosensitivity. ____ 19. Which information suggests that caution is necessary in prescribing a benzodiazepine to an anxious client? 1. The client has a history of alcohol dependence. 2. The client has a history of diabetes mellitus. 3. The client has a history of schizophrenia. 4. The client has a history of hypertension. ____ 20. Which medication is most likely to be prescribed for the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic medications? 1. Diazepam (Valium) 2. Amitriptyline (Elavil) 3. Benztropine (Cogentin) 4. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) ____ 21. A client takes a maintenance dosage of lithium carbonate for a bipolar disorder. She has come to the community health clinic, stating that she “has had the flu for over a week.” She describes her symptoms as coughing, runny nose, chest congestion, fever, and gastrointestinal upset. Her temperature is 100.9°F. What situation does the nurse anticipate? 1. She has consumed some foods high in tyramine. 2. She has stopped taking her lithium carbonate. 3. She has probably developed a tolerance to the lithium carbonate. 4. The lithium carbonate may be producing symptoms of toxicity. ____ 22. Joey, age 8 years, takes methylphenidate (Ritalin) for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. His mother complains to the nurse that Joey has a very poor appetite, and she struggles to help him gain weight. What teaching will the nurse provide? 1. Administer Joey’s medication immediately after meals. 2. Administer Joey’s medication at bedtime. 3. Skip a dose of the medication when Joey does not eat anything. 4. Assure Joey’s mother that Joey will eat when he is hungry. ____ 23. A client is experiencing a psychotic episode. He is in good physical health but has allergies to penicillin, prochlorperazine (Compazine), and bee stings. Which antipsychotic medication would be contraindicated for the client? 1. Haloperidol, because it is used only in elderly patients 2. Clozapine, because it is incompatible with desipramine 3. Risperidone, because it exacerbates symptoms of depression 4. Thioridazine, because of cross-sensitivity among phenothiazines ____ 24. A physician prescribes an additional medication for a client taking an antipsychotic agent. The medication is to be administered “prn for EPS.” When will the nurse plan to give this medication? 1. When the client’s white blood cell count falls below 3,000/mm3 2. When the client exhibits tremors and a shuffling gait 3. When the client complains of dry mouth 4. When the client experiences a seizure ____ 25. A client is diagnosed with anxiety disorder. Which medication is prescribed for anxiety? 1. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) 2. Clozapine (Clozaril) 3. Diazepam (Valium) 4. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. ____ 26. The nurse is preparing to assess a client before the physician prescribes a regimen of psychopharmacological therapy. Which components will the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.) 1. Medical history 2. Physical examination findings 3. Ethnocultural characteristics 4. Current medication [Show More]

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