MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The person who presented a similar theory of evolution to that of Darwin was:
a. Charles Lyle.
b. Alfred Wallace.
c. Thomas Malthus.
d. Alfred Wegener.
e. Robert Ballard.
B PTS: 1 DIF: R
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The person who presented a similar theory of evolution to that of Darwin was:
a. Charles Lyle.
b. Alfred Wallace.
c. Thomas Malthus.
d. Alfred Wegener.
e. Robert Ballard.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 107–108
2. The geological evidence that was incorporated by Darwin, which showed that the earth was much older than previously thought, was compiled by
a. Charles Lyell.
b. Alfred Wallace.
c. Thomas Malthus.
d. Alfred Wegener.
e. Steven Jay Gould.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 107
3. Carbohydrates contain all the following elements except:
a. carbon.
b. nitrogen.
c. hydrogen.
d. oxygen.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 97
4. Glucose is a(n):
a. octahedral carbon base.
b. six carbon sugar.
c. heptahedral sugar.
d. five carbon sugar.
e. strong polar ion.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 67
5. Sucrose is composed of:
a. a molecule of glucose and galactose.
b. two molecules of glucose.
c. a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose.
d. a molecule galactose and fructose.
e. two molecules of fructose.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 98
6. Lactose is
a. a disaccharide.
b. an energy source for plants.
c. a polysaccharide.
d. also known as table sugar.
e. a form of starch.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 98
7. An organic molecule comprised of linked similar units is called:
a. a sugar.
b. a protein.
c. a polymer.
d. an enzyme.
e. a monomer.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 98
8. The following are all biological molecules utilized in the bodies of marine animals, except
a. chitin.
b. triglycerides.
c. glycogen.
d. cellulose.
e. enzymes.
D PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 98–99
9. The hard exterior of crabs and lobsters is:
a. chitin.
b. triglycerides.
c. glycogen.
d. cellulose.
e. based on wax polymers.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 99
10. Fats, oils, and waxes are called:
a. sugars.
b. polysaccharides.
c. lipids.
d. proteins.
e. monomers.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 99
11. Proteins are polymers whose basic chemical units are called:
a. amino acids.
b. polysaccharides.
c. lipids.
d. cellulose.
e. nucleosides.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 99
12. The number of different amino acids is:
a. 10.
b. 20.
c. 30.
d. 40.
e. 50.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 99
13. Amino acids are assembled within the cells to form:
a. nucleic acids.
b. triglycerides.
c. phospholipids.
d. polypeptides.
e. DNA.
D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 99
14. Genetic information is translated into ____, which direct(s) the chemical activity of an organism.
a. DNA
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. proteins
e. inorganic material.
D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 100–101
15. A molecule comprised of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group is called:
a. a nucleic acid.
b. a triglyceride.
c. deoxyribonucleic acid.
d. a polypeptide.
e. a carbohydrate.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 100
16. The genetic information of an organism is coded within that organism's
a. DNA.
b. carbohydrates.
c. lipids.
d. proteins.
e. cell membranes.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 100
17. DNA's shape is:
a. a helix.
b. a pentagon.
c. an octahedron.
d. a heptahedron.
e. a scalene triangle.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 100
18. DNA contains an organism's genetic material, organized into sequences called:
a. genes.
b. chromosomes.
c. gametes.
d. nuclei.
e. sperm and egg cells.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 100
19. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are condensed into larger structures called:
a. DNA.
b. proteins.
c. chromosomes.
d. lipids.
e. cell membranes.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 100
20. Messenger RNA is:
a. information copied or transcribed from DNA.
b. comprised of rRNA.
c. comprised of tRNA.
d. referenced by DNA.
e. used by cells to communicate with each other.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 100–101
21. The RNA that brings proteins to the ribosome is called:
a. ribosomal RNA.
b. transfer RNA.
c. messenger RNA.
d. RNA.
e. helper RNA.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 101
22. All the genes that exist at a given time for a given population are collectively called
a. the gametes.
b. the gene pool.
c. the chromosomes.
d. the nuclei.
e. the population structure.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 111
23. If a population of short-lived, annually reproducing fish is exposed for several years in a row to a chemical toxin that kills 5% of them each year, what might you expect to happen if the population is re-exposed to the chemical several years later?
a. much higher death rate.
b. lower death rate.
c. about the same death rate.
d. no mortality—they will be immune to the toxin.
B
Fewer fish would die upon re-exposure. The population will have evolved resistance to the toxin. Natural selection (appearing in the form of the toxin) would have selected individuals that are naturally resistant to the toxin, allowing them to persist and reproduce, passing the resistant trait on within the next generation of fish.
PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: 108–109
24. A population of organisms that is reproductively isolated from other populations is considered a:
a. kingdom.
b. phylum.
c. genus.
d. species.
e. class.
D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 112
25. The occurrence of geographic isolation between two populations will ultimately lead to:
a. sexual dimorphism.
b. allopatric speciation.
c. morphological similarity.
d. sympatric speciation.
e. sexual selection.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 113
26. The basic living unit of all living organisms is called:
a. tissue.
b. germ plasma.
c. cells.
d. organs.
e. DNA.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 101
27. All types of cells are capable of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. metabolism.
b. movement.
c. growth.
d. reproduction.
e. energy conversion.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 103
28. Cytoplasm is comprised of:
a. organelles and cytosol.
b. gametes and organelles.
c. DNA and RNA.
d. gametes and DNA.
e. gametes and RNA.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 101
29. A eukaryote cell has all these features except
a. membrane-bound organelles.
b. it lacks a nucleus.
c. cytosol.
d. it is often associated with other cells to form a multi-cellular organism.
e. numerous chromosomes.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 101–103
30. Which is not true of a prokaryote cell?
a. it has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
b. it lacks membrane-bound organelles.
c. it is always within a cell wall.
d. it is always single cellular.
e. it lacks chromosomes.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 101
31. The organelle responsible for radiant energy conversion to chemical energy is called the:
a. nucleus.
b. chloroplasts.
c. mitochondria.
d. flagella.
e. cytosol.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 103–104
32. The organelles of movement are called:
a. nuclei.
b. chloroplasts.
c. flagella and cilia.
d. mitochondria.
e. cytosol.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 105
33. Plants and algae contain this organelle not found in heterotrophs:
a. nucleus.
b. mitochondria.
c. chloroplasts.
d. flagella.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 103–104
34. Cellular respiration occurs in the
a. nucleus.
b. chloroplasts.
c. flagella.
d. mitochondria.
e. cell membranes.
D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 104
35. Reproduction in prokaryotes is known as:
a. binary fission.
b. meiosis.
c. mitosis.
d. sexual reproduction.
e. spawning.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 104–105
36. In eukaryotes the nucleus is duplicated in a process called:
a. binary fusion.
b. meiosis.
c. mitosis.
d. fusion.
e. cloning.
C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 105
37. A single-celled diploid eukaryote with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes do the resultant offspring possess?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 16
C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: 106
38. Groups of the same cell type that serve a particular purpose are called:
a. colonies.
b. organs.
c. organ systems.
d. tissues.
e. functional clusters.
D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 106
39. Which is the proper order of organization?
a. Cells, organs, tissues
b. Cells, tissues, organs
c. Organs, tissues, organs systems
d. Organs, cells, tissues
e. Tissues, organs, cells.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 106
40. Binomial nomenclature uses the following two words in naming organisms:
a. genus and species.
b. kingdom and phylum.
c. family and genus.
d. class and order.
e. order and species.
A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 115
41. Organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are placed within the domain
a. Archaea.
b. Eubacteria.
c. Prokaryotae.
d. a or b
e. Eukarya.
D PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 116
42. Multicellular animals belong to the kingdom
a. Plantae.
b. Animalia.
c. Prokaryotae.
d. Fungi.
B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 116
TRUE/FALSE
43. The processes of natural selection are non-random and lead to the incorporation of only favorable traits in succeeding generations.
F
Natural selection acts without purpose, and neutral traits can also be passed along.
PTS: 1 REF: 108
44. The only source of variety and diversity in sexually reproducing organisms is through mutations.
F PTS: 1 REF: 109–110
45. Organisms classified in the same genus share similar characteristics of morphology and are believed to have a common ancestor.
T PTS: 1 REF: 115
46. The salinity of the environment is a good example of a natural evolutionary selective force.
T PTS: 1 REF: 108
MATCHING
Match the term on the left with the associated items on the right.
a. glucose & fructose
b. basic fuel for living cells
c. glucose & glucose
47. Lactose
48. Glucose
49. Sucrose
47. B PTS: 1 REF: 97–98
48. C PTS: 1 REF: 97–98
49. A PTS: 1 REF: 97–98
Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a. reduction division
b. cell splitting in two
c. nuclear duplication
50. Mitosis
51. Meiosis
52. Binary fission
50. C PTS: 1 REF: 110–111
51. A PTS: 1 REF: 110–111
52. B PTS: 1 REF: 110–111
Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a. alleles switching chromosomes
b. gametes
c. increase in genetic variation
53. Sexual reproduction
54. Crossing over
55. Recombination
53. B PTS: 1 REF: 111
54. A PTS: 1 REF: 111
55. C PTS: 1 REF: 111
Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a. divergent courtship methods
b. spatially separated
c. incompatible copulatory organs
56. Habitat isolation
57. Anatomical isolation
58. Behavioral isolation
56. B PTS: 1 REF: 112
57. C PTS: 1 REF: 112
58. A PTS: 1 REF: 112
Match the phrase with the most closely associated name.
a. binomial nomenclature
b. speciation
c. age of the earth
59. Charles Darwin
60. Charles Lyell
61. Carl Linnaeus
59. B PTS: 1 REF: 107 | 113 | 115
60. C PTS: 1 REF: 107 | 113 | 115
61. A PTS: 1 REF: 107 | 113 | 115
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a. Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
b. Eukarya
c. Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya
62. Domain
63. Kingdom
64. Protists
62. C PTS: 1 REF: 116–117
63. A PTS: 1 REF: 116–117
64. B PTS: 1 REF: 116–117
Match the function with the most closely associated cell part.
a. protects DNA
b. energy powerhouse
c. selects what enters the cell
d. propels cell through liquids
65. Mitochondrion
66. Plasma membrane
67. Nucleus
68. Flagella
65. B PTS: 1 REF: 102–103
66. C PTS: 1 REF: 102–103
67. A PTS: 1 REF: 102–103
68. D PTS: 1 REF: 102–103
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a. muscle
b. biological catalysts
c. semi-rigid body parts of animals
69. Enzymes
70. Structural proteins
71. Contractile proteins
69. B PTS: 1 REF: 100
70. C PTS: 1 REF: 100
71. A PTS: 1 REF: 100
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a. Only populations
b. Only individuals
c. Individuals and populations
72. Random genetic change
73. Natural selection
74. Evolution
72. B PTS: 1 REF: 109
73. C PTS: 1 REF: 109
74. A PTS: 1 REF: 109
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a. acts on organisms with disadvantages under existing environmental conditions
b. affects generations that are better adapted to existing environmental conditions
c. is unique
75. Random genetic change
76. Natural selection
77. Evolution
75. C PTS: 1 REF: 108-109
76. A PTS: 1 REF: 108-109
77. B PTS: 1 REF: 108-109
ESSAY
78. How did the work of Charles Lyell influence Charles Darwin, as he was forming his theory of evolution by natural selection?
79. Briefly describe at least 4 levels of biological organization in organisms.
80. What is a gene? How are genes involved in the evolutionary process?
81. What processes gave rise to the reproductive isolation between Caribbean and Pacific marine organisms on either side of Central America? Discuss both biotic and abiotic processes in your answer.
82. How are the processes of artificial selection and natural selection similar and how are they different?
83. Describe the four premises of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
84. In the context of population genetics, what is meant by the term "fitness?"
85. What are the shortcomings of the typological definition of species?
86. Define and briefly describe Domains.
87. A marine biologist compares 2 samples of reef-building coral colonies collected from various locations on a coral reef. One colony has thick, stout branches while the other has long, thin branches. Are these different species? Discuss why or why not. How could the biologist solve this question?
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