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Theories of Crime.edited.LATEST

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Introduction People commit crimes due to various reasons. Most offenders have a motive, which is a belief or an idea leading to the person acting in a particular way. Motives explain why people commit crimes. Theories mainly guide the study of crime. These theories include biological, classical, psychological, and sociological theories. Good theories offer a basic lens via which people interpret and understand the motive of particular behaviors. Defendant's motive is vital in criminal cases since they help in investigations and prevent crime. This paper discusses various theories that help explain crimes in various sectors. It will begin by identifying sexual assault as a crime from the incident-based reporting system and discussing how crime theories explain this crime. The next will be bribery in white color crime and identify the various theories explaining this motive. Finally, it identifies illegal trade and killing of wildlife as an example of environmental crime and explains the theories that explain this crime. This discussion involves contrasting major theories in explanation of sexual assault, bribery and corruption, and illegal trade and killing of wildlife. Crime from the National Incident-Based Reporting System Among the crimes listed in the National Incident, the Based Reporting System is sexual assault. Sexual assault is sexual contact or act that happens without the explicit consent of the victim. They include any unwanted sexual contact, incest, sexual contact with minors, whether consensual or not, unwanted sexual touching, marital rape, forced object penetration, forcible sodomy, and rape, which involves sexual interpose against the will of the victim. The significant field of criminology that explains the causation of sexual harassment is psychological theories. This is because theories of sexual assault provide psychological explanations developed on empirical tested psychological principles to an individual's sexual abuse. The biological theory focused on the role of psychological aspects like hormone levels and chromosomal makeup on the behavior. Androgen enhances sexual arousal, orgasm, and ejaculation and also controls personality, emotion, cognition, aggression, and sexuality. Androgen is male sexual hormones and contributes to the physical transformation in males. The biological theory also suggests that Klinefelter's Syndrome predisposes a man towards sexual abusive actions. The psychodynamic theory states sexual deviation demonstrates the unresolved conflict individuals experience in the process of the developmental stages explained by Freud. It further argues that sexual aggressors lack a robust superego and become overwhelmed by the primal id

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